Thermodynamics of phase equilibrium in nonuniform fields

Nucleation Mechanism of Explosive Destruction of Conductors of High Energy Density

“…In this case, the total chemical potential in view of the work of Ampere forces spent for compression of the liquid core must be independent of coordinates as well, and the condition of mechanical equilibrium, i.e., the equality of phase pressures, will be valid on the interface. Therefore, conditions (1) and (2) are complemented by the condition of mechanical equilibrium on the interface (3).…”

“…In this formulation, the effect of external field on phase equilibrium was investigated in [1][2][3]. Let a liquid cylindrical current-carrying conductor of radius R be in thermodynamic equilibrium with its own vapor whose conductivity is negligible compared to the conductivity of the conductor.…”

“…The flow of current initiates the emergence in a medium of the fields of volume and surface forces capable of basically changing the conditions of phase equilibrium. It was demonstrated in [1][2][3] that, under conditions of phase equilibrium in external fields, one of the phases is in a thermodynamically stable state which would be metastable in the absence of the field. As the field increases, viable nuclei of competing phase, in which no current flows, may arise spontaneously in this phase at some instant of time.…”

Effects of scaling in metal hydride materials for hydrogen storage and compression

“…The conditions of phase equilibrium substantially change when external nonuniform fields lead to appearance of mass forces having different effect on the phases [12]. For the quantitative evaluation of the scale effect one should separate out in Eq.…”

Parameters of wires during electric explosion

“…We address these issues using the nucleation theory of wire explosion, 3 and compare our results with experimental data. 4 -6 According to the thermodynamic mechanism of wire explosion, 3,7 the compression of the liquid core of the wire caused by a magnetic field has the following consequences: ͑i͒ substance of liquid core does not reach its boiling conditions and ͑ii͒ the equilibrium pressure of the vapor coexisting with the liquid core exceeds the saturation vapor pressure, p s . Had the vapor parameters reach the spinodal values, the vapor would instantaneously transform into dispersed system ͑liquid droplets and vapor͒.…”