Thermodynamics of Ferroelectricity

Akdogğan, E. Koray; Safari, A.

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-76540-2_1

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Compared with piezoelectric ceramics, a single crystal has a higher value of piezoelectric constant d 33 (up to 4000 pC/N) and a higher k t (>90%) . Unfortunately, there are great challenges in its temperature stability and growth, which cannot achieve the requirements of high-power and large-size application. , It has been reported that piezoelectric ceramics with good piezoelectric properties and stability are more used in underwater acoustic transducers. − In addition to optimizing the properties of piezoelectric materials, polymers also enable new structures of 1-3 piezoelectric composites through different preparation methods. − The shapes of 1-3 piezoelectric composites have been reported to be planar, curved, cylindrical, and spherical, all of which are doped with epoxy resin. ,− Note that the above PZT–epoxy resin composite (PEC) are rigid structures and do not have the flexibility to adapt to different shapes of sonar carrier surfaces. At the same time, epoxy resins with poor temperature stability cannot meet the demand of high-power application. , Later, the researchers turned to the combination of two fillers, and they found that the fillings of softer materials resulted in higher electromechanical coupling coefficients. − This inspired us to design a flexible 1-3 piezoelectric composite to achieve higher electroacoustic conversion efficiency, which uses soft fillers instead of all rigid epoxy resins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible 1-3 Piezoelectric Composites with Soft Embedded Conductive Interconnects for Underwater Acoustic Transducers

Hao

Zhong

Zhang

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1-3 Piezoelectric composites have been widely used in underwater acoustic transducers because of their advanced electromechanical coupling properties relative to bulk piezoelectric ceramics. However, the existing applied composites are mainly rigid 1-3 PZT–epoxy resin composites, which have rigid structures and cannot be adapted to various sonar carriers with complex surfaces. Here, we design and develop a flexible 1-3 PZT–silicone rubber composite (PSC) for the first time. PSC combines a soft silicone rubber polymer in PZT with flexible embedded island-bridge conductive interconnects to enable the flexibility of both the piezoelectric sensing core and the electrical layer. The flexible wide bridge structure embedded in the polymer can cope with the large bending deformation of PSC with good conductive property, while the rigid thin island structure ensures the high acoustic performance of piezoelectric materials. A PSC sample is prepared with its structural parameters optimized via finite element analysis and is experimentally verified to have good flexibility, high electromechanical coupling coefficient (k t = 0.7), great thermal stability (from 25 to 105 °C), and bending stability (bending angle up to 215°). In addition, a preparation method for flexible 1-3 PSC is introduced, which has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, no sample size restriction, and no high-temperature operation. The flexible 1-3 PSC in this work paves an important way for the development and application of the next generation of flexible underwater acoustic transducers.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible 1-3 Piezoelectric Composites with Soft Embedded Conductive Interconnects for Underwater Acoustic Transducers

Hao

Zhong

Zhang

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A simple linear relationship was found between P r and V oc : V oc (V) = 1.5 × P r (μC/cm 2 ) + 0.19 ( E ≤ 20 kV/cm). This equation clearly reflects that the APV properties of the SBN-50 pellets strongly depend on P r , which is proportional to the volume fraction of domains oriented with the applied electric field …”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…This equation clearly reflects that the APV properties of the SBN-50 pellets strongly depend on P r , which is proportional to the volume fraction of domains oriented with the applied electric field. 30 From the experimental results, it is clear that the SBN-50 pellets present ferroelectric properties and can give APV effects upon being poled with an electrical field. To demonstrate whether the built-in electrical field can help with the separation and transport of photogenerated charge carriers to the two electrodes, photoassisted KPFM was employed to study the photogenerated charge separation behaviors on the two electrodes, as shown in Figure 3a.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Dual Extraction of Photogenerated Electrons and Holes from a Ferroelectric Sr_0.5Ba_0.5Nb₂O₆ Semiconductor

Fan

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The separation of photogenerated charges is a critical factor in photocatalysis. Recently, anomalous photovoltaic (APV) field effects (Voc ∼ 10(3) V/cm) in ferroelectrics, with their strong driving force for charge separation, have attracted much attention in photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis. However, it is still unknown whether photogenerated electrons and holes can be simultaneously extracted by the strong driving force toward the surface of ferroelectrics and can become available for surface reactions. This issue becomes critically important in photocatalysis because the surface reaction utilizes both the electrons and holes that reach the surface. In this work, a model lateral symmetric structure, metal/Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6/metal (metal = Ag or Pt), as an electrode was fabricated. The dual extractions of photogenerated electrons and holes on the two opposite metal electrodes were achieved, as revealed by photovoltaic and ferroelectrical hysteresis measurements and photoassisted Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). It was found that the high Schottky barriers of the two opposite Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6-Pt electrodes are key factors that alter the two space charge regions (SCRs) by a poling effect. The resulting built-in electrical fields with parallel directions near both electrodes significantly enhance the charge separation ability. Our model unravels the driving force of charge separation in ferroelectric semiconductors, thus demonstrating the potential for highly efficient charge separation in photocatalysis.

show abstract

“…In the transmitter, a power amplifier is located in one of the last-stage electronics that controls the transducer’s performance [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Therefore, the transducer’s performance is relatively sensitive to the performance of the power amplifier [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. The design of the power amplifier could consider this type of loading effect; therefore, many types of power amplifiers have been developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Inverse Class-E Power Amplifier for Ultrasound Transducer

Choi

2023

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An inverse Class-E power amplifier was designed for an ultrasound transducer. The proposed inverse Class-E power amplifier can be useful because of the low series inductance values used in the output matching network that helps to reduce signal distortions. Therefore, a newly designed Class-E power amplifier can obtain a proper echo signal quality. The measured output voltage, voltage gain, voltage gain difference, and power efficiency were 50.1 V, 22.871 dB, 0.932 dB, and 55.342%, respectively. This low voltage difference and relatively high efficiency could verify the capability of the ultrasound transducer. The pulse-echo response experiment using an ultrasound transducer was performed to verify the capability of the proposed inverse Class-E power amplifier. The obtained echo signal amplitude and pulse width were 6.01 mVp-p and 0.81 μs, respectively. The −6 dB bandwidth and center frequencies of the echo signal were 27.25 and 9.82 MHz, respectively. Consequently, the designed Class-E power amplifier did not significantly alter the performance of the center frequency of the ultrasound transducer; therefore, it could be employed particularly in certain ultrasound applications that require high linearity and reasonable power efficiency.

show abstract

Thermodynamics of Ferroelectricity

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Flexible 1-3 Piezoelectric Composites with Soft Embedded Conductive Interconnects for Underwater Acoustic Transducers

Flexible 1-3 Piezoelectric Composites with Soft Embedded Conductive Interconnects for Underwater Acoustic Transducers

Dual Extraction of Photogenerated Electrons and Holes from a Ferroelectric Sr_0.5Ba_0.5Nb₂O₆ Semiconductor

An Inverse Class-E Power Amplifier for Ultrasound Transducer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Thermodynamics of Ferroelectricity

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Flexible 1-3 Piezoelectric Composites with Soft Embedded Conductive Interconnects for Underwater Acoustic Transducers

Flexible 1-3 Piezoelectric Composites with Soft Embedded Conductive Interconnects for Underwater Acoustic Transducers

Dual Extraction of Photogenerated Electrons and Holes from a Ferroelectric Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 Semiconductor

An Inverse Class-E Power Amplifier for Ultrasound Transducer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Dual Extraction of Photogenerated Electrons and Holes from a Ferroelectric Sr_0.5Ba_0.5Nb₂O₆ Semiconductor