Thermodynamics of Aqueous Reciprocal Salt Systems. II. Isopiestic Determination of the Osmotic and Activity Coefficients in LiNO3--NaBr--H2O and LiBr--NaNO3--H2O at 100.3 degrees C.

Vapor pressures and isopiestic molalities of concentrated CaCl2(aq), CaBr2(aq), and NaCl(aq) to T=523 K

“…Nevertheless, CaCl 2 has been used as an isopiestic standard at elevated temperatures at high concentrations mainly because of its convenience in comparison with H 2 SO 4 . For example, the model of Ananthaswamy and Atkinson [5] has been used by Grjotheim and co-workers [22][23][24][25][26][27] in a series of investigations of salt mixtures at 373 K, where calcium chloride solutions with molalities approaching 9 mol AE kg À1 were used as the reference standard.…”

An isopiestic study of aqueous NaBr and KBr at 50°C: Chemical equilibrium model of solution behavior and solubility in the NaBr–H2O, KBr–H2O and Na–K–Br–H2O systems to high concentration and temperature

“…In their comprehensive isopiestic study Holmes and Mesmer (1998) determined the osmotic coefficients of NaBr(aq) and KBr(aq) at saturation pressure from 110 to 225°C and up to %6.2 m NaBr and %7.4 m KBr. In intermediate temperature range (from 25 to 110°C) the osmotic data of Voigt et al (1990) for NaBr(aq) (at 100.3°C), of Fanghanel and Grojtheim (1990) for KBr(aq) (at 100.3°C) and of Hellams et al (1965) for KBr(aq) (at 45°C) are the only isopiestic method based data available in literature. Isopiestic results for the bromide solutions under investigation could not be found at temperatures below 25°C.…”

“…The osmotic coefficient data sets which are determined directly from isopiestic measurements of sodium bromide solutions and included in parameterization are: (1) our isopiestic results at 50°C and up to 5.953 m NaBr given in Table 1; (2) Hamer and Wu's (1972) recommended values to 9 m NaBr at 25°C: (3) Rard and Archer's (1995) isopiestic measurements data to 9.1701 m NaBr at 25°C (4) Holmes and Mesmer's (1998) isopiestic study data measurements up to 6.2 m NaBr at 110, 140, 170, 200 and 225°C and (5) Voigt et al (1990) osmotic coefficients data at 100.3°C and to 10.62 m NaBr. There is good agreement between both sets of osmotic coefficient data at 25°C [sets (2) and (3)].…”

Thermodynamic Modeling of Savannah River Evaporators

“…Probably the best data (at temperatures other than 25EC) are the freezing point depression measurements of Scatchard 12 and the isopiestic data of Voigt 13 …”