Thermodynamics and kinetics of cadmium adsorption onto oxidized granular activated carbon

Effect of the oxygen-containing functional group of graphene oxide on the aqueous cadmium ions removal

“…Pseudo-first-order kinetics Pseudo-second-order rate kinetics adsorption capacity of the GO was higher than reported adsorbents [23][24][25][26][27]. Therefore the GO was favorable for the Cd(II) adsorption.…”

Lithium ion recovery from brine using granulated polyacrylamide–MnO 2 ion-sieve

“…According the experimental data of adsorption equilibrium, the values of Q m and K L can be estimated using the nonlinear regression method. The Gibbs free energy change (DG 0 ) (kJ/mol) is calculated from the Van't Hoff equation [35]:…”

Adsorptive removal of reactive dyes from aqueous solution using activated carbon synthesized from waste biomass materials

“…The negative values of DG°confirmed the feasibility and spontaneity of the reaction which increased with temperature, while positive values of DS°confirmed the increased randomness of the adsorption at solid-liquid interface. The negative values of DG°were between 6 and 12 kJ/mol, indicating that the physical forces like van der Waal's, hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole interactions may be involved in the adsorption (Huang et al 2007). Some oxygen-containing functional groups like hydroxyl, carboxyl and carbonyl present on the AC are able to interact chemically with the dye molecules (Al-Degs et al 2000), but in the present case, it seems that such interactions may be almost negligible when compared to the impact of high surface areas of the ACs.…”