Thermodynamic temperature scale (TL55) in the liquid helium region

Dijk, H. van; Durieux, M.

doi:10.1016/s0031-8914(58)93367-6

Cited by 73 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The application of (1 la) or (1 1 b) requires, at least, a calibration at one temperature (one-point calibration) or two temperatures (two-point calibration), respectively. A vapour-pressure scale derived applying the modified thermodynamic vapour-pressure equation ((10) together with (2) to (8) and an approximation for f (0) is referred to for short as a calibrated thermodynamic vapour-pressure scale. Its uncertainty at a given temperature results from the uncertainty of the correction terms and the magnitude of the correction function at this temperature, where f ( T ) depends on the uncertainties of h (7) and the p-T data at the calibration points.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Inconsistency of the ITS-90 Below 1,5 K

Fellmuth

Schuster

1993

Metrologia

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New thermodynamic calculations have been made of the 3He vapour-pressure scale using recently-published thermal and PVT data for the liquid and vapour phases. It is shown that by making reasonable choices of the data for the second and third virial coefficients of the vapour, and for the heat capacity of the liquid, good agreement can be obtained between a calculated vapour-pressure scale and recent experimental observations based on magnetic thermometry. These have revealed deviations of the ITS-90 from thermodynamic temperature of up to 1 mK at 0,65 K.

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confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Inconsistency of the ITS-90 Below 1,5 K

Fellmuth

Schuster

1993

Metrologia

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“…In the sixth column oP 3 and oP 4 have been combined to show the effect on P 3 of errors in both P a and P 4 : OP~= OP3 + 0P4 (clP3/clP4)' the derivative being calculated from existing Re 3 and Re 4 temperature scale tables, Tr, [9] and Tr, 55 [25], respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the mobile part of the film does not carry any entropy, Af= TSa; and since the heat of vaporization of bulk liquid is An= T(Sa-SI), therefore (2) For An and the entropy of the bulk liquid, SI, we refer the reader to table VI of ref. [25].…”

Section: Calculation Of Film Reflux and Recondensation Correctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 1962 He3 scale of temperatures. I. New vapor pressure comparisons

Sydoriak¹,

Sherman²

1964

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN. SECT. A.

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A compari so n o f R c3 and H c' vapor p ress urcs, (P a, P 4 ), has b een made i n a n apparatus d es igned to r edu ce the n umber and magn itud e of correct ions a ssociated w it ll t h e r efiu xin g fi lm in t il e H e' prC'ss u re sens ing t ub e and t he attached bUlb . The cr itical pressure of H ea has bee n red ete rm in ed to be at 873 .0 ± 1.5 mm Hg a t 0° C and standard gravity; t hc correspo nd ing temperatu re as meas ured by a H e' thermometer is 3.3240 ± 0.001 8° Ie on the 1958 H e'scale. T hese (P a, p .) compa riso ns and the 1958 H e' scale are t he basis of t h e 1962 H ea scale of temperat ures d erived and evaluated in the papers follow in g t his o ne.E mp irical inte rpolation eq uations conta ining only P a and P, a re d escribed by means of wh ich exist ing P, measuremen ts may be con ver ted to an eq ui vale nt P a. A comparison has bee n made between t hi s interpolatio n a nd a convers ion in wh ich t h e 1958 H e' and 1962 H ea scalcs are used as parameters. D e viat ions between t he two p rocedures ar c w it hi n t h e es t imated erro rs of t he (P a, P,) m eas urements.I n subs id ia ry experim ents on techn iq ues for H e' t hermometry a typical vapor press urc J;lu lb a rra ngement w as tested. It is shown t h at t h e )'eflu xing film introd uces a heat fl ux, Qr, a nd a res ult in g Ieapi tza t emperat ure drop, t; T k, between t he H e II a nd its con tain er, whi ch may a moun t to ma ny m illici egrees.T he feasibility of calculatin g t; T k fo r a part icular He' vapor press ure b ul b was stud ied.T h e necess ity of meas uri ng 6. 7\ /(h at least once in situ is p oi nted out. In add it io n, it is necessa ry to r ed eter min e t he fil m fl ow rate per iod ically at t he sa me time t hat H e' vapor p ress ure m eas u re me nts are being mad e.

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“…A more complete derivation of the vapourpressure equation is given, e.g. in [14]. In deriving the expression for it is assumed that the influence of higher virial coefficients can be neglected.…”

Section: Thermodynamics Of the Helium Vapour-pressure Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The thermodynamics of the⁴He and³He vapour-pressure equations in the ITS-90 and the EPT-76

Reesink¹,

Durieux²

1996

Metrologia

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The vapour-pressure versus temperature equations for liquid He and He that define the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) in the range 0,65 K to 5,0 K have been derived from earlier equations in the Échelle Provisoire de Température de 1976 (EPT-76), which span the wider range 0,2 K to 5,2 K. This paper investigates the extent to which, i.e. to within what uncertainty, the equations can be obtained from thermodynamic calculations using the most recent and thermal data for the liquid and gas phases of He and He. Regarding the He vapour-pressure equation, the paper is an extension to higher temperatures of the paper by Fellmuth and Schuster which treated the important region below 1,5 K. The paper also deals with vapour pressures near the He λ-transition and near the critical points.

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Thermodynamic temperature scale (TL55) in the liquid helium region

Cited by 73 publications

References 19 publications

Thermodynamic Inconsistency of the ITS-90 Below 1,5 K

Thermodynamic Inconsistency of the ITS-90 Below 1,5 K

The 1962 He3 scale of temperatures. I. New vapor pressure comparisons

The thermodynamics of the⁴He and³He vapour-pressure equations in the ITS-90 and the EPT-76

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Thermodynamic temperature scale (TL55) in the liquid helium region

Cited by 73 publications

References 19 publications

Thermodynamic Inconsistency of the ITS-90 Below 1,5 K

Thermodynamic Inconsistency of the ITS-90 Below 1,5 K

The 1962 He3 scale of temperatures. I. New vapor pressure comparisons

The thermodynamics of the4He and3He vapour-pressure equations in the ITS-90 and the EPT-76

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The thermodynamics of the⁴He and³He vapour-pressure equations in the ITS-90 and the EPT-76