Thermodynamic Study of the Smelting of High-Carbon Ferromanganese

Lee, Y. E.; Downing, James H.

doi:10.1179/000844380795308579

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Kor [26] investigated the influence of iron (5 to 20 wt pct) in alloys on equilibrium between Mn-Fe-Si melts and MnO-SiO 2 -CaO-MgO slags, and estimated the activity of silicon by assuming that the activity of manganese is the same for the Mn-Fe-Si ternary system as for the Mn-Si binary system for the same silicon content. Although Lee and Downing's [13] model offers a way to estimate the activities of manganese and iron, the calculation of silicon activities in Mn-Fe-Si alloys was not mentioned.…”

Section: Mn-fe-simentioning

confidence: 97%

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Evaluation of unified interaction parameter model parameters for calculating activities of ferromanganese alloys: Mn-Fe-C, Mn-Fe-Si, Mn-C-Si, and Mn-Fe-C-Si systems

Morris

1997

Metall Mater Trans B

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Section: Mn-fe-simentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Mn-Fe-C Lee and Downing [13] presented a thermodynamic model that estimates the activities of carbon, manganese, iron, and silicon for high-carbon ferromanganese alloys. This model employs a large number of parameters, and the results differ significantly from experimental data when extended to medium and low carbon alloys.…”

Section: Overview Of Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of unified interaction parameter model parameters for calculating activities of ferromanganese alloys: Mn-Fe-C, Mn-Fe-Si, Mn-C-Si, and Mn-Fe-C-Si systems

Morris

1997

Metall Mater Trans B

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“…T Thermodynamic model equations and parameters for the calculation of manganese activity, a~M,j, in ferromanganese melts are available in the literature [7,9]. However, in real practice it is difficult to estimate the evaporation amount of manganese quantitatively because melt composition and temperature change continuously during the oxygen refining process.…”

Section: Evaporation Loss Of Manganesementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Manganese loss into slag depending on slag weight. slag and silicon dissolved in melt can be expressed as follows [6,7]:…”

Section: Oxidation Loss Of Manganese Into Slagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manganese loss during the oxygen refining of high-carbon ferromanganese melts

You

Lee

Pak

1999

Metals and Materials

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Decarburization tests of high-carbon ferromanganese melts by oxygen refining were successfully carried out in a model converter with 2-ton production capacity. During the oxygen refining, the manganese loss was inherently accompanied by oxidation and evaporation. The oxidation loss of manganese into slag was affected by slag composition, melt temperature and slag weight. The oxidation loss of manganese into slag was minimum at a slag basicity of about 1.5 and it increased with temperature and slag weight. The amount of manganese evaporation loss was comparable to that of oxidation loss. An empirical equation for the evaporation loss of manganese was derived as a function of process variables. The apparent vaporization coefficient, ~, was significantly affected by the oxygen mixing ratio in bottom blowing gas and the fraction of top blown oxygen.

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“…30% manganese and within a limited temperature range only. A few studies [3][4][5] on high-carbon ferromanganese were performed to determine manganese and carbon activities. These studies were based on data for carbon saturation [6,7] and dilute solutions [8] and spanned a limited temperature range.…”

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confidence: 99%

Oxygen Refining of High-Carbon Ferromanganese

Dresler¹

1989

Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly

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A thermodynamic model applicable to the oxygen refining of ferromanganese was derived to predict equilibrium concentrations for carbon, manganese and silicon. The model was based on activity determinations for carbon and manganese, spanning the complete composition range of the Fe-Mn-C system. It was built on three data sources: dilute solution, carbon saturation and experimental data of carbon and manganese concentrations at unity activity of manganese oxide in contact with the alloy. The model was derived for the temperature range from 1350 to 1700°C, but agreement with industrial scale data suggests a validity to about 1875°C. The study predicts carbon concentrations between 1 and 1.4°,/0 for refined ferromanganese at 1750°C. Silicon concentrations are below 0.220/0.Optimal refining conditions for high-carbon ferromanganese were suggested. NOMENCLATURE Cobs observed carbon content in experiment (wt%); Ccalc calculated carbon content with proposed model (wt%); T temperature CK); ai activity of component i, standard state of pure substance; Pi partial pressure of component i (atm); Xi atom fraction of component i; Xi* atom fraction of component i in the binary system Mn-C required for the solution of Schuhmann's tangent intercept method.

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Thermodynamic Study of the Smelting of High-Carbon Ferromanganese

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

Evaluation of unified interaction parameter model parameters for calculating activities of ferromanganese alloys: Mn-Fe-C, Mn-Fe-Si, Mn-C-Si, and Mn-Fe-C-Si systems

Evaluation of unified interaction parameter model parameters for calculating activities of ferromanganese alloys: Mn-Fe-C, Mn-Fe-Si, Mn-C-Si, and Mn-Fe-C-Si systems

Manganese loss during the oxygen refining of high-carbon ferromanganese melts

Oxygen Refining of High-Carbon Ferromanganese

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