Nanocasting or hard-templating
is a versatile method to produce
ordered mesoporous mixed transition metal oxides (MTMOs) with promising
potential for both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction
reaction (ORR). Herein, a comprehensive investigation was conducted
on various Ni
x
Co
y
Mn
z
O4 replicated from
large pore KIT-6 silica. The materials were calcined at different
temperatures to study the influence of the oxide formation and the
resulting pore structure ordering, as well as surface properties,
on the electrochemical activity and stability of the catalysts. After
a comprehensive characterization, electrocatalytic performances of
the materials were investigated in detail for OER to find a structure–activity
relationship. In OER, a correlation was established between calcination
temperature, pore and surface properties, and the overall efficiency
and stability. The best sample, Ni
x
Co
y
Mn
z
O4 calcined at 300 °C, provided a reasonable current density (25
mA/cm2 at 1.7 V vs RHE) and an overpotential of 400 mV
at 10 mA/cm2, and demonstrated increased current density
(above 200 mA/cm2 at 1.7 V vs RHE) once loaded into a Ni
foam compared to the bare foam. This sample also remained stable over
15 h. Our results indicate that the calcination temperature greatly
affects the porosity, crystalline structure, phase composition, and
the activity of the catalysts toward OER.