Thermodynamic Quantities of Surface Formation of Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

Thermodynamic quantities of surface formation of aqueous electrolyte solutions X. Aqueous solution of 2:1 valence-type salts

“…In the previous reports for alkali metal chloride [11] and sodium halides solutions [12], we have confirmed this pronounced effect of anions by plotting the d/dm against hydration enthalpy H h . For the purpose of illustrating the similarity and difference between 1:1 and 2:1 type electrolytes, these plots are reproduced in Fig.…”

“…Fortunately, numerical values of this ratio at infinite dilution can be used to evaluate the Previously reported surface tension data used in this figure are taken from the references sodium halides [11,12], sulfates [14], nitrates [17], and ammonium salts [7], respectively. The formation of electrical double layer in the surface region is always accompanied by the decrease in s [18].…”

Thermodynamic quantities of surface formation of aqueous electrolyte solutions VI. Comparison with typical nonelectrolytes, sucrose and glucose

“…This result is consistent with the idea that the ions are expelled from the surface and an ion-free layer is formed [2]. In the preceding papers of this series, experimental results on the effect of electrolytes necessary for understanding the behavior of ions in the surface region were reported [3][4][5][6][7]. One of the important results of this series is that the entropy of surface formation ( s) of aqueous solutions of alkali halides is smaller than that of pure water surface.…”

“…On the other hand, those for alkali metal chlorides are on the order of 1.5 mN m −1 mol −1 kg. Thus, s versus m plots for alkali metal chlorides are represented by a single curve within experimental error [5].…”

Adsorption and phase transition of alkanol and fluoroalkanol at electrified mercury/aqueous solution interface

“…Purity of C 8 OH and DFC 4 OH was estimated to be more than 99.8% and 99.7%, respectively, by a gas-liquid chromatography. Potassium chloride (for Measurement of Electric Conductivity: Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was used without further purification because the surface tension of its aqueous solution was 72.80 mN m −1 and is very closed to the literature value of 72.76 mN m −1 at 298.15 K [29] within the error of less than 0.05 mN m −1 , and did not show time dependence. Mercury (99.99+%: Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc.) was purified by washing with 7 wt% dilute nitric acid and rinsed by distilled water several times.…”