Thermodynamic Property of Tellurium in Molten Iron Measured by the Transpiration Method

Ueda, Shun; Suzuki, Shumpei; Yoshikawa, Takeshi; Morita, Kazuki

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2016-633

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Because the boiling point of Te is lower than the molten steel temperature, the vapor pressure of Te is high during steelmaking. Ueda et al [ 53 ] employed a vapor–liquid equilibration technique to determine the linear relationship between the standard Gibbs energy (Δ G °) for the dissolution of Te gas into molten steel and the temperature ( T ) ranging from 1823 to 1873 K, as shown by the following equation

Δ G ° = false(- 147000 \pm 6000 false) + false(53.6 \pm 3.2 false) T {J mol}^{- 1}

…”

Section: Metallurgical Characteristics Of Te‐containing Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Tellurium Treatment for the Modification of Sulfide Inclusions and Corresponding Industrial Applications in Special Steels: A Review

Tian

et al. 2022

steel research int.

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In 1782, Franz-Joseph Müller von Richenstein, a chemist, discovered a rare element with properties similar to those of selenium (Se). In 1798, Martin H. Klaproth, a German chemist, rediscovered this semi-metallic substance and named it tellurium (Te). [1] Te is mainly concentrated in scattered telluride minerals, sulfide mineral structure of most gold deposits, and bismuth tailings. However, in nature, Te appears in quantities that are considered negligible [2] and is mainly extracted from the ore. Generally, concentrations of 1% to 4% Te can be recovered from the anode slime of an electrolytic copper (Cu) refinery. [3] It has been reported that seafloor ferromanganese nodules are rich in Te; however, the recovery of seafloor minerals is still in its infancy. [3] In organic chemistry, Te can also be produced by the reaction of organic matter with metal compounds of Te. [4] Te plays an important role in chemicals, electronics, inorganic nonmetallic materials, metallurgy, and other industries. [5][6][7][8] Tellurides are considered excellent materials for thermoelectric technologies. [9][10][11][12][13] Te is also widely used nonferrous metallurgy and iron and steel metallurgy. Te can significantly improve the properties of Cu-, tin (Sn)-, and lead (Pb)-based alloys, steels, and cast irons. In the iron and steel metallurgical industry, Te is usually utilized as an added element in steels to refine the grains, regulate the morphology and occurrence state of sulfides in steels, and improve the mechanical properties of steels. [14,15] Te is widely used to increase the machinability of steels. Therefore, Te-bearing steel is typically used to manufacture parts with high precision, high surface quality, and rapid cutting. The forms of Te in different type of steel vary. In addition to the usual states of Fe 1.2 Te and MnTe, [16,17] PbTe [18] is formed in Pb-alloyed steels; Cr 2 Te 3 , [19,20] stainless steels; and CuTe, Cu-alloyed steels. [21] In addition, composite particles formed by telluride and sulfide have been reported in Te-treated sulfur (S)-bearing steel. [22][23][24] In recent years, Te has been added to S-bearing steels, such as free-cutting steel and medium-carbon microalloyed steel, also called nonquenched and tempered steel (NQTS) in China, to reduce the aspect ratio of sulfide and the anisotropy of steel. [23,24]

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Δ G ° = false(- 147000 \pm 6000 false) + false(53.6 \pm 3.2 false) T {J mol}^{- 1}

…”

Section: Metallurgical Characteristics Of Te‐containing Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, Te is thermodynamically less stable than oxygen or S in molten iron. [ 53 ] Therefore, it is difficult to stabilize the Te yield. Furthermore, Te is extremely expensive for steel; thus, the Te yield is expected to be as high as possible.…”

Section: Industrial Application Of Te Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tellurium Treatment for the Modification of Sulfide Inclusions and Corresponding Industrial Applications in Special Steels: A Review

Tian

et al. 2022

steel research int.

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“…During the rolling process, MnS shows less deformation after Te addition and prefers to keep a fusiform morphology, significantly improving the anisotropy of the steel. [ 4–7 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the High‐Temperature Evolution and Formation Mechanism of Inclusions in Te‐Treated Resulfurized Special Steel

Shen

Zhang

et al. 2021

steel research int.

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Te can effectively modify MnS inclusion to improve the anisotropy and machinability of steel. To figure out the mechanism of high‐temperature evolution and formation of inclusions, a high‐temperature confocal laser scanning microscope is used to in situ observe the performance of inclusions. In the steel with 22 ppm Te, Te mainly dissolves in MnS; no MnTe is generated. During the heating process, MnS inclusion remains solid state and no obvious phase change can be observed. In comparison, MnS–MnTe binary inclusion in the steel with 680 ppm Te forms a liquid phase due to the eutectic melting. The further increase of temperature causes the serious evaporation of Te. Based on scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive spectrometry analysis and in situ observation of inclusions at high temperature, the formation mechanism of inclusions during solidification is proposed.

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“…Studies on these aspects of tellurium were briefly reviewed in our previous report. 1) Since these effects of tellurium addition are sensitive to its concentration in molten steel, the concentration should be precisely controlled during the steelmaking process, taking into consideration the loss of tellurium either by evaporation into the atmosphere or by elution into slags. To analyze and estimate such behavior, information about thermodynamic properties of tellurium in molten steel is necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Manganese on the Thermodynamic Property of Tellurium in Molten Iron

Ueda

Morita

2018

ISIJ Int.

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The effect of manganese on the thermodynamic property of tellurium in molten iron was experimentally evaluated as an interaction parameter using a vapor-liquid equilibration technique, where the vapor pressure of tellurium was controlled using the transpiration method. Manganese was found to stabilize tellurium in molten iron and its effect was relatively small compared to other alloying elements.

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Thermodynamic Property of Tellurium in Molten Iron Measured by the Transpiration Method

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Tellurium Treatment for the Modification of Sulfide Inclusions and Corresponding Industrial Applications in Special Steels: A Review

Tellurium Treatment for the Modification of Sulfide Inclusions and Corresponding Industrial Applications in Special Steels: A Review

Study on the High‐Temperature Evolution and Formation Mechanism of Inclusions in Te‐Treated Resulfurized Special Steel

Effect of Manganese on the Thermodynamic Property of Tellurium in Molten Iron

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