Diluted magnetic semiconductor Zn1−xMnxO nanowires were synthesized via an in situ doping of manganese in ZnO nanowires using vapor phase growth at 500 °C. The maximum content of the manganese in the ZnO is around 13 at. %, approaching the maximum thermal equilibrium limit of Mn solubility in ZnO at the growth temperature. Structure and composition analysis revealed that the manganese was doped into the lattice structure, forming solid solution instead of precipitation. Magnetic property measurements revealed that the as-doped Zn1−xMnxO nanowires exhibit ferromagnetic behavior with Curie temperature around 37 K.

1 has resulted in more than 3 million cases and more than 210 000 deaths worldwide. 2 The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. The pathogen, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), 3 is a novel Betacoronavirus that shares a phylogenetic similarity to SARS-CoV (about 79%) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV (about 50%). 4,5 Many clinical trials of potential COVID-19 treatments are underway, but current strategies for treatment are based to a considerable extent on preclinical studies and previous experi ences from SARS and MERS. 6 Clinicians have administered a number of antiviral treatments to patients with COVID-19. 7 Optimal decision-making regarding these agents requires systematic summaries of the best available evidence about antiviral agents. RESEARCHEfficacy and safety of antiviral treatment for COVID-19 from evidence in studies of SARS-CoV-2 and other acute viral infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis