Thermodynamic model for uplift and deflation episodes (bradyseism) associated with magmatic–hydrothermal activity at the Campi Flegrei (Italy)

Lima, Annamaria; Vivo, Benedetto De; Spera, Frank J.; Bodnar, Robert J.; Milia, Alfonsa; Nunziata, C.; Belkin, Harvey E.; Cannatelli, Claudia

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.10.001

Cited by 78 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Berrino et al, 1984;Bonafede et al, 1986;Bianchi et al, 1987) and those that invoke an interaction between magma and fluids (magmatic-hydrothermal models and thermodynamic models; e.g. Bonafede, 1991;Gaeta et al, 1998;Bonafede and Mazzanti, 1998;De Natale et al, 2001;Lundgren et al, 2001;Troise et al, 2001;Gaeta et al, 2003;Chiodini et al, 2003;Battaglia et al, 2006;Gottsmann et al, 2006;Troise et al, 2007;Bodnar et al, 2007;Lima et al, 2009;Todesco et al, 2010;D'Auria et al, 2011;Troiano et al, 2011;Chiodini et al, 2012). The latter category can be broken down further into models that require the input of fresh magma from depth (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The permeability and elastic moduli of tuff from Campi Flegrei, Italy: implications for ground deformation modelling

et al. 2014

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Abstract. The accuracy of ground deformation modelling at active volcanoes is a principal requirement in volcanic hazard mitigation. However, the reliability of such models relies on the accuracy of the rock physical property (permeability and elastic moduli) input parameters. Unfortunately, laboratory-derived values on representative rocks are usually rare. To this end we have performed a systematic laboratory study on the influence of pressure and temperature on the permeability and elastic moduli of samples from the two most widespread lithified pyroclastic deposits at the Campi Flegrei volcanic district, Italy. Our data show that the water permeability of Neapolitan Yellow Tuff and a tuff from the Campanian Ignimbrite differ by about 1.5 orders of magnitude. As pressure (depth) increases beyond the critical point for inelastic pore collapse (at an effective pressure of 10-15 MPa, or a depth of about 750 m), permeability and porosity decrease significantly, and ultrasonic wave velocities and dynamic elastic moduli increase significantly. Increasing the thermal stressing temperature increases the permeability and decreases the ultrasonic wave velocities and dynamic elastic moduli of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff; whereas the tuff from the Campanian Ignimbrite remains unaffected. This difference is due to the presence of thermally unstable zeolites within the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff. For both rocks we also find, under the same pressure conditions, that the dynamic (calculated from ultrasonic wave velocities) and static (calculated from triaxial stress-strain data) elastic moduli differ significantly. The choice of elastic moduli in ground deformation modelling is therefore an important consideration. While we urge that these new laboratory data should be considered in routine ground deformation modelling, we highlight the challenges for ground deformation modelling based on the heterogeneous nature (vertically and laterally) of the rocks that comprise the caldera at Campi Flegrei.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gaeta et al, 1998) and those that consider magma body cooling and concomitant crystallization (e.g. Bodnar et al, 2007;Lima et al, 2009). Other models account for the surface deformation by invoking an interaction between the pressure source and caldera boundary fractures (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The permeability and elastic moduli of tuff from Campi Flegrei, Italy: implications for ground deformation modelling

et al. 2014

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“…However, this last study did not model the deflation period following the 1982-1984 crisis (Amoruso et al 2008), which is fundamental to fully understand the rheology of the rock and the unrest dynamics. Lima et al (2009) interpreted the unrest at CFc as a consequence of aqueous fluid exolution during magma solidification at different timescales. Fluid transport and the concomitant propagation of hydrofractures, as the fluid expands from lithostatic to hydrostatic pressure during the decompression, thus lead to ground-surface displacement (Lima et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eruptive versus non-eruptive behaviour of large calderas: the example of Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy)

Carlino

Somma

2010

Bull Volcanol

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Caldera eruptions are among the most hazardous of natural phenomena. Many calderas around the world are active and are characterised by recurrent uplift and subsidence periods due to the dynamics of their magma reservoirs. These periods of unrest are, in some cases, accompanied by eruptions. At Campi Flegrei caldera (CFc), which is an area characterised by very high volcanic risk, the recurrence of this behaviour has stimulated the study of the rock rheology around the magma chamber, in order to estimate the likelihood of an eruption. This study considers different scenarios of shallow crustal behaviour, taking into account the earlier models of CFc ground deformation and caldera eruptions, and including recent geophysical investigations of the area. A semi-quantitative evaluation of the different factors that lead to magma storage or to its eruption (such as magma chamber size, wall-rock viscosity, temperature, and regional tectonic strain rate) is reported here for elastic and viscoelastic conditions. Considering the large magmatic sources of the CFc ignimbrite eruptions (400-2,000 km 3 ) and a wall-rock viscosity between 10 18 and 10 20 Pa s, the conditions for eruptive failure are difficult to attain. Smaller source dimensions (a few cubic kilometres) promote the condition for fracture (eruption) rather than for the flow of wall rock. We also analyse the influence of the regional extensional stress regime on magma storage and eruptions, and the thermal stress as a possible source of caldera uplift. The present study also emphasises the difficulty of distinguishing eruption and non-eruption scenarios at CFc, since an unambiguous model that accounts for the rock rheology, magma-source dimensions and locations and regional stress field influences is still lacking.

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“…Uncertainness about the cause(s) of deformation remain, specifically on the relative roles of magma at 3 -4 km deep and aqueous fluid tapped by silt and clay that cap the exit to the magma but influence the deformation in Campi Flegrei [5]. I will try to trace the volcanic history versus the deformation history to address this question.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanology and Archaeology for Better Understanding the History of Campi Flegrei: Post-NYT Bradyseisms and More Rapid Deformation

Paone¹,

Yun²

2018

OJG

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The Campi Flegrei volcanic district includes insular (Ischia and Procida Islands) and peninsular volcanic activity (Campi Flegrei volcanic field) with the link to older activity till Ponza Island. The history of this area has been studied in detail since the eruption of the Campanian Ignimbrite (CI, age: 39 ky BP, volume: 200 -300 km 3 ), which makes this one of the most powerful eruptions in Europe. In the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (NYT: age: 15.0 ky BP, volume: 50 km 3 ), another powerful eruption occurred. Activity younger than the NYT can be subdivided in three epochs which include 70 recognized ephemeral eruptions. The volume of these individual eruptions is between 0.4 and 1 km 3 (DRE). Probably, the long-lasting magma reservoirs (i.e., CI and NYT) represent eruptions that are fed by deep magma reservoirs. In deep reservoirs (>10 km), magmas stagnate, differentiate and are probably modified by crustal components (Hercynian basement). The long-lasting reservoirs are also the ones that feed the ephemeral shallow magmatic system (2 -5 km) that gave rise to the post-caldera magmatic epochs. However, the magmas of the post-caldera epochs are isotopically heterogeneous and made by several components (i.e., least evolved (as an example the Minopoli eruption, 9500 y BP), CI, and NYT components). Mixing between ephemeral shallow reservoirs occurs. Mixing of long lasting reservoirs also occurs; and also during explosive eruptions. The concentration of earthquakes and the deformation history suggest that Campi Flegrei could erupt again with an ephemeral eruption, especially if the uplift will reach 5 -6 m like Monte Nuovo eruption, given existing uplift of 1970-72 and 1983-84.

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Thermodynamic model for uplift and deflation episodes (bradyseism) associated with magmatic–hydrothermal activity at the Campi Flegrei (Italy)

Cited by 78 publications

References 85 publications

The permeability and elastic moduli of tuff from Campi Flegrei, Italy: implications for ground deformation modelling

The permeability and elastic moduli of tuff from Campi Flegrei, Italy: implications for ground deformation modelling

Eruptive versus non-eruptive behaviour of large calderas: the example of Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy)

Volcanology and Archaeology for Better Understanding the History of Campi Flegrei: Post-NYT Bradyseisms and More Rapid Deformation

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