Thermodynamic Functions of a Crystal with Neutral Excited Atoms in the Lattice

Abstract

The results obtained from a theoretical study on the thermodynamic functions (internal energy, heat capacity, entropy, and free energy) of a model crystal with neutral excited atoms in its lattice under low and high temperature conditions are discussed.

Special features of thermal evaporation of rare-earth metals

“…Table 1 lists the estimated excited atom densities ex n and their fractions with respect to the surface density of crystal ions ion N at different pressures sat P . It is evident from the tabulated data that, even at sat P = 1 Тorr, the relative number of excited atoms is a few thousandth fractions of a percent and only weakly affects crystal surface thermodynamics as a whole [8].…”