Thermodynamic determination of solvation potentials of divalent metal chlorides (MCl2) in iso–dielectric media by EMF measurements

Spah, Manjula; Spah, Dal Chand; Song, Ho Jun; Park, Jin Won

doi:10.1016/j.jct.2009.01.003

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…The electrolyte solution has been researched for more than 100 years, including the theory of electrolyte solutions and thermodynamic properties of electrolyte-containing solution systems. − Debye et al all made great contributions. ,− At present, Pitzer is a model of electrolyte activity coefficients, which is used to calculate the activity coefficients of aqueous electrolyte solution systems with more accurate thermodynamic properties, and it is also the most widely used electrolyte solution theory. In recent years, there are more methods to calculate the activity coefficient by using the Pitzer equation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Studies of the Ternary System KCl–KI–H₂O at 298.15 K by the Cell Potential Method

et al. 2021

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In this article, the average activity coefficients of KCl in the KCl−KI−H 2 O ternary system at 298.15 K were determined using the cell potential method with a cell of a potassium-ion combination ion selective electrode (ISE) and a chlorineion combination ion selective electrode (ISE) without a liquid junction, Also, we chose the total ionic strength I range from 0.0100 to 1.0000 mol•kg −1 for different ionic strength fractions y b of KI with y b = (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8). The experimental results show that the mean activity coefficients of KCl can be calculated well by using the Pitzer models and Nernst equation. Furthermore, the mixing Pitzer ion interaction parameters of θ Cl, I and ψ K, I, Cl were fitted using Pitzer's equations, and the two parameters were applied to calculated the mean activity coefficients of KI in the KCl−KI−H 2 O ternary system. Accordingly, the osmotic coefficients, water activities, and excess Gibbs free energies in the mixtures were studied in this mixed system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Studies of the Ternary System KCl–KI–H₂O at 298.15 K by the Cell Potential Method

et al. 2021

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“…Research results of thermodynamic parameters calculated using the electromotive force measurement (EMF) method are increasing all over the world. For instance, the thermodynamic properties of the NaCl–CaCl 2 –H 2 O system and the NaCl–Na 2 SO 4 –H 2 O system were determined by the EMF method at different temperatures by Galleguillos et al , Zhou et al studied activity coefficients of KCl in the NaCl–SrCl 2 –H 2 O system at 298.15 K. The activity coefficients of CoCl 2 and CuCl 2 at 303.15 and 313.15 K by the electromotive force method were studied. , The mean activity coefficients of NaCl–Na 2 SO 4 –H 2 O, KI–KNO 3 –H 2 O, and NaCl–Na 2 CO 3 –H 2 O were determined. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the thermodynamic properties of the NaCl−CaCl 2 −H 2 O system and the NaCl−Na 2 SO 4 −H 2 O system were determined by the EMF method at different temperatures by Galleguillos et al 16,17 Zhou et al 18 studied activity coefficients of KCl in the NaCl−SrCl 2 −H 2 O system at 298.15 K. The activity coefficients of CoCl 2 and CuCl 2 at 303.15 and 313.15 K by the electromotive force method were studied. 19,20 The mean activity coefficients of NaCl−Na 2 SO 4 − H 2 O, KI−KNO 3 −H 2 O, and NaCl−Na 2 CO 3 −H 2 O were determined. 21−23 Our research group has also carried out a series of studies on heavy metal solutions in the previous stage, for example, the average activity coefficient of NaCl in the NaCl−CuCl 2 −H 2 O system at 298.15 K 24 and the average activity coefficient of NaCl in the NaCl−CdCl 2 −H 2 O 25 and NaCl-SrCl 2 −H 2 O 18 systems at 298.15 K. Meanwhile, the average activity coefficient of KCl in the KCl−CuCl 2 −H 2 O system containing heavy metal copper at 298.15 K has not been reported yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Study of the Ternary System KCl–CuCl₂–H₂O at 298.15 K by the Electromotive Force Method

Wei

Sang

et al. 2019

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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The mean activity coefficients of KCl in the ternary system KCl–CuCl2–H2O were experimentally determined at a temperature of 298.15 K by the EMF method (electromotive force measurement) via a battery cell without a liquid junction, K-ISE|KCl (m 1), CuCl2 (m 2) |Cl-ISE (ISE = ion selective electrode), in the range of total ionic strength from 0.01 to 1.00 mol·kg−1 at different ionic strength fractions of CuCl2 with y b = 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, and 0.80. The results show that K-ISE and Cl-ISE have a good Nernst response in this work, and the mean activity coefficients of KCl in the KCl–CuCl2–H2O mixture solutions were calculated using the Nernst equation. Mixing interaction parameters θK,Cu and ψK,Cu,Cl in Pitzer’s equation were evaluated from the present measurements of the mean activity coefficients of KCl. In addition, the osmotic coefficients, water activity, and the excess Gibbs energy of this system were calculated by Pitzer’s equations.

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“…Rodil et al measured activity coefficients of MgCl 2 in the MgCl 2 +CaCl 2 +H 2 O and the MgCl 2 +BaCl 2 +H 2 O systems at 298.15 K by the electromotive force (EMF) method. Flesia et al determined activity coefficients and osmotic coefficients of KCl in the NaCl+KCl+H 2 O system at 318 K. Spah et al , studied the activity coefficients of CoCl 2 and CuCl 2 using EMF at 303.15 K and 313.15 K. Bagherinia et al determined the activity coefficients of MgCl 2 in the MgCl 2 +MgSO 4 +H 2 O system by EMF at 298.15 K.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mean Activity Coefficients of KBr in KBr+K₂B₄O₇+H₂O Ternary System at 298.15 K Determined by the Electromotive Force Method

et al. 2014

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The mean activity coefficients of KBr in the KBr+K 2 B 4 O 7 +H 2 O ternary system were determined at the total ionic strength ranging from 0.0100 mol• kg −1 to 2.0000 mol•kg −1 at 298.15 K by an electromotive force method from the cell without liquid junction: K-ISE|KBr(m 1 ),K 2 B 4 O 7 (m 2 )|Br-ISE. The mean activity coefficients of KBr were compared with those different ionic strength fractions y B of K 2 B 4 O 7 with y B = (0.8, 0.6, 0.4, 0.2, and 0). The experimental results showed that K-ISE and Br-ISE in this work had a good Nernst response, and the mean activity coefficients of KBr in KBr+K 2 B 4 O 7 +H 2 O mixtures were calculated using the Nernst equation. Mixing interaction parameters of θ Br − •B 4 O 5 (OH) 4 2− and φ K + •Br − •B 4 O 5 (OH) 42− in Pitzer's equation, which had not been reported, were evaluated from the present measurements of the mean activity coefficients of KBr. Then the osmotic coefficients, water activity, and excess Gibbs free energy of this system were calculated by the Pitzer's equations.

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Thermodynamic determination of solvation potentials of divalent metal chlorides (MCl2) in iso–dielectric media by EMF measurements

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Thermodynamic Studies of the Ternary System KCl–KI–H₂O at 298.15 K by the Cell Potential Method

Thermodynamic Studies of the Ternary System KCl–KI–H₂O at 298.15 K by the Cell Potential Method

Thermodynamic Study of the Ternary System KCl–CuCl₂–H₂O at 298.15 K by the Electromotive Force Method

Mean Activity Coefficients of KBr in KBr+K₂B₄O₇+H₂O Ternary System at 298.15 K Determined by the Electromotive Force Method

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Thermodynamic determination of solvation potentials of divalent metal chlorides (MCl2) in iso–dielectric media by EMF measurements

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Thermodynamic Studies of the Ternary System KCl–KI–H2O at 298.15 K by the Cell Potential Method

Thermodynamic Studies of the Ternary System KCl–KI–H2O at 298.15 K by the Cell Potential Method

Thermodynamic Study of the Ternary System KCl–CuCl2–H2O at 298.15 K by the Electromotive Force Method

Mean Activity Coefficients of KBr in KBr+K2B4O7+H2O Ternary System at 298.15 K Determined by the Electromotive Force Method

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Thermodynamic Studies of the Ternary System KCl–KI–H₂O at 298.15 K by the Cell Potential Method

Thermodynamic Studies of the Ternary System KCl–KI–H₂O at 298.15 K by the Cell Potential Method

Thermodynamic Study of the Ternary System KCl–CuCl₂–H₂O at 298.15 K by the Electromotive Force Method

Mean Activity Coefficients of KBr in KBr+K₂B₄O₇+H₂O Ternary System at 298.15 K Determined by the Electromotive Force Method