Thermodynamic Assessment of Chemical Equilibrium for the Synthesis of Solketal in the Liquid Phase

Perez, Federico M.; Nichio, Nora N.; Pompeo, Francisco

doi:10.1002/ceat.202000435

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Pseudo-homogeneous Sulfated zirconia [46] Figure 6 shows the evolution of glycerol conversion with time at 60, 80, and 100 • C, where discrete points correspond to experimental data and the solid line represents the LHHW model obtained. As expected, when the temperature increased, the reaction rate became higher and the equilibrium conversion value decreased since this is an exothermic reaction, as previously stated [51]. It can also be observed that the model implemented and the estimated parameters were able to accurately describe this behavior in terms of both the reaction kinetics and the reaction's thermodynamic equilibrium.…”

Section: Kinetic Modelsupporting

confidence: 82%

Activated Bentonite Nanocomposite for the Synthesis of Solketal from Glycerol in the Liquid Phase

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Activated bentonites are low-cost acid catalysts used in several reactions. However, their application at an industrial scale is affected by the formation of colloidal suspensions when these bentonites are in aqueous solutions. In order to overcome these limitations, this work proposes obtaining a catalyst based on a composite containing natural bentonite within a silica–resin structure, which allows separating and re-utilizing the catalyst more easily and without centrifugal filtration requirements. By means of characterization techniques, the present study determined that the activated bentonite composite presented a total specific surface area of ~360 m2 g−1, ~4 mmol of acid sites per gram of bentonite, and sites with strong acid strength, all of which bestowed activity and selectivity in the solketal synthesis reaction from glycerol and acetone, reaching equilibrium conversion within a short reaction time. Furthermore, the present work developed a Langmuir–Hinshelwood–Hougen–Watson kinetic model, achieving an activation energy of 50.3 ± 3.6 kJ mol−1 and a pre-exponential factor of 6.4 × 106 mol g−1 L−1 s−1, which are necessary for reactor design.

show abstract

Section: Kinetic Modelsupporting

confidence: 82%

Activated Bentonite Nanocomposite for the Synthesis of Solketal from Glycerol in the Liquid Phase

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Subsequently, other authors determined values for the thermodynamic reaction parameters by using different acid catalysts, such as Hβ zeolites [40], CT-275 exchange resins [41] and sulfated zirconia [42]. Perez et al carried out a theoretical study of the chemical equilibrium of the synthesis of solketal, taking into account the non-ideality of the liquid phase in order to avoid problems related to transport limitations [43]. All the previously described experiments agree on the exothermic character of the reaction; however, the endergonic or exergonic character of the reaction, depending on the sign of ∆G s , resulted in being different, and this result could be attributed to the consideration of the non-ideality of the liquid phase.…”

Section: Hemiketalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformations of Glycerol into High-Value-Added Chemical Products: Ketalization and Esterification Reactions

Perez,

Gatti,

Santori

et al. 2023

Reactions

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biomass allows us to obtain energy and high-value-added compounds through the use of different physical and chemical processes. The glycerol obtained as a by-product in the synthesis of biodiesel is considered a biomass compound that has the potential to be used as a raw material to obtain different chemical products for industry. The development and growth of the biodiesel industry allows for the projection of glycerol biorefineries around these plants that efficiently and sustainably integrate the biodiesel production process together with the glycerol transformation processes. This work presents a review of the ketalization and esterification of glycerol to obtain solketal and acetylglycerols, which are considered products of high added value for the chemical and fuel industry. First, the general aspects and mechanisms of both reactions are presented, as well as the related chemical equilibrium concepts. Subsequently, the catalysts employed are described, classifying them according to their catalytic nature (zeolites, carbons, exchange resins, etc.). The reaction conditions used are also described, and the best results for each catalytic system are presented. In addition, stability studies and the main deactivation mechanisms are discussed. Finally, the work presents the kinetic models that have been formulated to date for some of these systems. It is expected that this review work will serve as a tool for the advancement of studies on the ketalization and esterification reactions that allow for the projection of biorefineries based on glycerol as a raw material.

show abstract

Liquid-liquid equilibrium of glycerol – acetone – solketal – water quaternary system at 303.2 K, 308.2 K and 313.2 K

Zhang,

Xu,

Hao

et al. 2024

Fluid Phase Equilibria

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thermodynamic Assessment of Chemical Equilibrium for the Synthesis of Solketal in the Liquid Phase

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

Activated Bentonite Nanocomposite for the Synthesis of Solketal from Glycerol in the Liquid Phase

Activated Bentonite Nanocomposite for the Synthesis of Solketal from Glycerol in the Liquid Phase

Transformations of Glycerol into High-Value-Added Chemical Products: Ketalization and Esterification Reactions

Liquid-liquid equilibrium of glycerol – acetone – solketal – water quaternary system at 303.2 K, 308.2 K and 313.2 K

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About