Liquid-liquid equilibrium of glycerol – acetone – solketal – water quaternary system at 303.2 K, 308.2 K and 313.2 K

Measurement and Correlation of Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium Data for the Extraction of Glycerol Carbonate from Glycerol Using Ethyl Acetate and 2-Butanone + Benzene Mixture

“…The experimental LLE compositions ( x ijk exp ) are shown in Tables –. The x ijk cal were calculated using a Gibbs free energy minimization method as reported previously. − In the calculation of Gibbs free energy of the liquid phase, the activity coefficients were calculated by the NRTL model − ln 0.25em γ i = ∑ j x j τ italicji G italicji ∑ j x j G italicji + ∑ j x j G italicij ∑ k x k G kj true( τ italicij − ∑ k x k τ kj G kj ∑ k x k G kj true) τ ij = normalΔ g ij / italicRT ( Δ g italicii = 0 ) G ij = exp ( − α italicij τ italicij ) …”

“…The experimental LLE compositions ( x ijk exp ) are shown in Tables –. The x ijk cal were calculated using a Gibbs free energy minimization method as reported previously. − In the calculation of Gibbs free energy of the liquid phase, the activity coefficients were calculated by the NRTL model − in which Δ g ij and α ij are the binary interaction parameters and nonrandomness parameters, respectively, and R is the molar gas constant.…”

“…The liquid–liquid equilibrium measurements were carried out in a 25 mL stirred glass container, in which the phase interface was visible. In a typical run, following a similar procedure reported previously, − a certain amount of chemicals (with an accuracy of 0.001 g) was added to the container. After that, the glass container was heated to a preset temperature (±0.1 K) in a thermal jacket.…”