Thermodynamic and transport properties of hydrogen containing streams

Abstract

the use of hydrogen (H 2) as a substitute for fossil fuel, which accounts for the majority of the world's energy, is environmentally the most benign option for the reduction of CO 2 emissions. this will require gigawatt-scale storage systems and as such, H 2 storage in porous rocks in the subsurface will be required. accurate estimation of the thermodynamic and transport properties of H 2 mixed with other gases found within the storage system is therefore essential for the efficient design for the processes involved in this system chain. In this study, we used the established and regarded GERG-2008 Equation of State (EoS) and SupertRaPP model to predict the thermo-physical properties of H 2 mixed with CH 4 , N 2 , CO 2 , and a typical natural gas from the North-Sea. the data covers a wide range of mole fraction of H 2 (10-90 Mole%), pressures (0.01-100 MPa), and temperatures (200-500 K) with high accuracy and precision. Moreover, to increase ease of access to the data, a user-friendly software (H2Themobank) is developed and made publicly available.

Enabling large-scale hydrogen storage in porous media – the scientific challenges

“…In common with other gasses, hydrogen solubility in water increases with increasing pressure, and decreases with increasing temperature and increasing salinity. However, the non-polar nature of hydrogen limits its solubility in water, with a hydrogen solubility in pure water of approximately 0.14 mol/l (at 65 °C and 20 MPa) 33 , similar to that of the solubility of CH4 and one order of magnitude lower than CO2, thus causing no significant pH change. This means that negligible losses of hydrogen due to dissolution can be expected 24 .…”

“…Limited experimental data is currently available for multicomponent hydrogen-rich fluids in the published literature (e.g. 33 ) for validation and tuning of existing thermodynamic models. The GERG-2008 EoS 37 is proven to have high accuracy for hydrogen when mixed with natural gas components within its tuned range (i.e.…”

Mapping geological hydrogen storage capacity and regional heating demands: An applied UK case study

“…However, mixing between the natural gas and the injected hydrogen gas is inevitable and the impact on the storage operation remains to be investigated. Both in terms of physical mixing [53] and thermodynamic properties of gas mixtures [54]. Modelling studies with nitrogen as cushion gas and hydrogen as working gas have shown a relatively efficient storage cycle strongly dependant on the hydrogen and nitrogen ratio in the storage site, with a more effective hydrogen 'extraction' cycle in scenarios when additional hydrogen remains alongside the initial nitrogen cushion gas [55].…”

A quantitative assessment of the hydrogen storage capacity of the UK continental shelf

“…Several modelling studies investigate the cyclic injection and storage of hydrogen in geological formations using standard industry software and no major technical obstacles have been reported [31][32][33] Recent work compared the possibility of hydrogen storage with natural gas storage at the Rough Gas Storage Facility [34], which at 3.3 bcm was the UK's largest porous rock gas store until it ceased to operate as a storage site in 2017. The hydrogen storage capacity (in terms of energy) was found to be approximately one third that of natural gas, due to its lower energy density [35]. The same study found that losses through dissolution and bacterial action would be negligible [34].…”