Thermoanalytical studies on phases of D-mannitol

Pitkänen, Ilkka; Perkkalainen, P.; Rautiainen, H.

doi:10.1016/0040-6031(93)80051-b

Cited by 37 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The area under the melting curve corresponded to the heat of fusion of that compound and was measured to be 354 J g À1 and 301 J g À1 for galactitol and b-D-mannitol, respectively. The aforementioned melting points and heats of fusion for the pure sugars were consistent with values reported in the literature [14,19].…”

Section: Thermophysical Properties Of Galactitol Mannitol and Theirsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…In some cases, the heat of crystallization was found to be lower than the heat of fusion, which may be due to an incomplete release of heat during the crystallization process. has a crystallization temperature of 111.0-115.3°C at various scan rates [19], and galactitol crystallizes at 102°C [13], which are all lower than their respective melting points. When sugar alcohols melt, they form highly viscous syrups that restrict the diffusion of molecules from the melt to the nucleus, resulting in slow nucleation and crystal growth.…”

Section: Effects Of Ramp Rates On the Thermophysical Properties Of A mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A eutectic mixture of galactitol and mannitol as a phase change material for latent heat storage

Paul

Shi

Bielawski

2015

Energy Conversion and Management

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a b s t r a c tThe thermophysical properties of mixtures of galactitol and mannitol were examined via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis. The aforementioned sugars were found to form a eutectic mixture at a 30:70 molar ratio of galactitol and manntitol, and displayed a melting point of 153°C while maintaining a high latent heat of fusion (DH fus = 292 J g À1 ). The XRD data revealed that the eutectic mixture contained the a, b, and d forms of mannitol with the d form being the major component. By varying the temperature ramp rates utilized in the DSC measurements from 0.5°C min À1 to 20°C min À1 , the heat of crystallization as well as the crystallization temperature increased (c.f., DH crys : 64 J g À1 ? 197 J g À1 ; T c : 68°C ? 105°C). In addition, the temperature and the enthalpy of crystallization were also improved by up to 34% through the addition of small quantities (up to 0.5 wt%) of nucleating agents, such as graphite powder or silver iodide. After 100 heating/cooling cycles under an atmosphere of nitrogen, the heat of fusion of the eutectic mixture decreased by only 4% with no change in the melting point, and the mixture appeared to be chemically stable according to a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic analysis. Collectively, these data indicate that the eutectic mixture exhibits excellent cyclic stability under ambient atmospheres and offers potential for use in thermal energy storage applications.

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Section: Thermophysical Properties Of Galactitol Mannitol and Theirsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Effects Of Ramp Rates On the Thermophysical Properties Of A mentioning

confidence: 99%

A eutectic mixture of galactitol and mannitol as a phase change material for latent heat storage

Paul

Shi

Bielawski

2015

Energy Conversion and Management

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“…10 The ␤-form corresponds to the ␤-forms of other authors and as the third modification they inserted , which they assumed is equal to the form of Kim et al, 11 to form ␥ of Rye and Sorum 7 and the ␣-form of Walter-Levy. 10 Pitkä nen et al 16 published a thermoanalytical study on several crystal forms of D-mannitol. However, the results presented in this article were not critically discussed and only increase the confusion on the polymorphism of D-mannitol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy/Temperature Diagram and Compression Behavior of the Polymorphs of d-Mannitol

Burger

Henck

Hetz

et al. 2000

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

321

230

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“…The crystalline [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] and amorphous 12 forms of D-mannitol, a commonly used pharmaceutical excipient, have been extensively studied. The crystallization and polymorphic behaviors of mannitol have also been investigated in frozen aqueous solutions, [13][14][15][16][17] with an aim to understand and control the freeze-drying process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Existence of a mannitol hydrate during freeze‐drying and practical implications

Milton

Groleau

et al. 1999

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

131

103

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We report thermal and crystallographic evidence for a previously unknown mannitol hydrate that is formed in the process of freeze-drying. The mannitol hydrate was produced by freeze-drying pure mannitol solutions (1-4% w/v) using the following cycle: (1) equilibration at -5 degreesC for 1 h; (2) freezing at -40 degreesC; (3) primary drying at -10 degreesC for 15 h; and (4) secondary drying at 10 degreesC for 2 h and then 25 degreesC for 5 h. This crystal form was also observed upon freeze-drying in the presence of sorbitol (1% w/v). The mannitol hydrate showed a distinct X-ray powder diffraction pattern, low melting point, and steplike desolvation behavior that is characteristic of crystalline hydrates. The mannitol hydrate was found to be metastable, converting to anhydrous polymorphs of mannitol upon heating and exposure to moisture. The amount of the mannitol hydrate varied significantly from vial to vial, even within the same batch. The formation of mannitol hydrate has several potential consequences: (1) reduced drying rate; (2) redistribution of the residual hydrate water during accelerated storage to the amorphous drug; and (3) vial-to-vial variation of the moisture level.

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Thermoanalytical studies on phases of D-mannitol

Cited by 37 publications

References 4 publications

A eutectic mixture of galactitol and mannitol as a phase change material for latent heat storage

A eutectic mixture of galactitol and mannitol as a phase change material for latent heat storage

Energy/Temperature Diagram and Compression Behavior of the Polymorphs of d-Mannitol

Existence of a mannitol hydrate during freeze‐drying and practical implications

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