Thermoanalytical Screening of Nitrogen-Rich Compounds for Ballistic Requirements of Gun Propellant

Studies on the decomposition chemistry of triaminoguanidine azide and guanidine nitrate

“…This indicates that the dissociation of HN 3 is taking place in the first stage and breakage of the three N-NH 2 bonds in the second stage. Thus the decomposition pattern obtained in the present investigation is in accordance with the previously reported literature [8].…”

“…It has been observed that the weight fraction formed after the breakage of two amino groups within the GN molecule is o.744, which is approximately equal to the observed weight loss fraction (0.750) at the first stage of decomposition process. Thus the decomposition pattern of GN obtained in the present investigation is also in accordance with the previously reported literature [8]. Further supporting evidence to the decomposition pathways followed by GN has been provided by TG-FTIR and GC-MS experiments.…”

Burning Rates and Thermal Behavior of Bistetrazole Containing Gun Propellants

“…The limited amounto fw ork from the literature on nitrogen rich materials incorporatedinto gun propellants has focused on the effectso ft riaminoguanidinium nitrates (TAGN)a nd triaminoguanidinium azide( TAGAZ) [8],B TATz [9,10],a nd TAGzT [6,11,12] on nitramine based formulations. The formulationsb asedo nm aterials containing the triaminoguanidnium cationp resented tremendously fast burning rates as well as increased pressure exponents.…”

“…On the other hand, formulations incorporating BTATzs howed lower pressure dependency,b ut high burning rates (at least 40 %h igher). Similarly,i nvestigationso fD AATO3.5 and BTATza sm onopropellants for micro-thruster applications also showed low pressure exponents and high burning rates [13].W ith one exception (Damse et al [8]), the burn rate characterization of the nitrogen-rich propellants was conducted on low pressure ranges more suited to rocket Abstract:T he influence of two selected bistetrazoles, 5,5'bis(1H-tetrazolyl)-amine (BTA) and 5,5'-hydrazinebistetrazole (HBT), on the combustionb ehavior of at ypical triple-base propellantw as investigated. Seven propellant formulations, one referencea nd six others incorporating5 %, 15 %, and 25 %o fe ither HBT or BTAc ompounds, respectively,w ere mixed and extruded into ac ylindrical, no perforations, geometry.T he resulting propellants showed high burning rates, up to 93 %h igher than the referencef ormulation at 100 MPa.H owever,t he increase in burning rates camea t the cost of higher burning rate dependency on pressure, with apressure exponent as high as 1.4 for certain formulations.…”

Assessing the Detonation Performance of New Tetrazole Base High Energy Density materials

“…Moreover, different oxidizing groups, e. g. nitro, nitrate, or nitramine groups, can be added to the HNC skeletons in order to increase the released energy [18]. HNC materials have been introduced as new candidates in different military applications, e. g. high explosives [19], rocket propellants [19][20], gun propellants [21], and pyrotechnic ingredients [19,22]. HNC materi-als are impressive candidates for new high energy density materials (HEDMs) because they have high densities, high enthalpies of formation, and favorable oxygen balances.…”