In this research, Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles with various Fe concentrations (0. 0.1, 1, 5 and 10wt%) were prepared by a sol-gel method. Then, nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), BET surface area, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The photocatalytic activity of the nano-particles was evaluated through degradation of reactive red 198 (RR 198) under UV and visible light irradiations. XRD results revealed that all samples contained only anatase phase. DRS showed that the Fe doping in the titania induced a significant red shift of the absorption edge and then the band gap energy decreased from 3 to 2.1eV. Photocatalytic results indicated that TiO2 had a highest photocatalytic decolorization of the RR 198 under UV irradiation whereas photocatalytic decolorization of the RR 198 under visible irradiation increased in the presence of Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. Among the samples, Fe-1wt% doped TiO2 nanoparticles showed the highest photocatalytic decolorization of RR198 under visible light irradiation.

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Purpose This study aims to numerically study the forced convection effects on a two-dimensional microchannel filled with a porous material containing the water/FMWCNT nanofluid. The upper and lower microchannel walls were fully insulated thermally along 15 per cent of their lengths at each end of the microchannel, with the in-between length being exposed to a constant temperature. The slip velocity boundary condition was applied along the microchannel walls. Design/methodology/approach The Navier–Stokes equations were discretized before being solved numerically via a FORTRAN computer code. The following ranges were considered for the studied parameters: slip factor (B) equal to 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1; Reynolds number (Re) between 10 and 100; solid nanoparticle mass fraction (ϕ) between 0.0012 and 0.0025; Darcy number (Da) between 0.001 and 0.1; and porosity factor (ε) between 0.4 and 0.9. Findings Increasing the Da caused a greater increase in the velocity profile than increasing Re, whereas increasing porosity did not affect the velocity profile growth at all. Originality/value This paper is the continuation of the authors’ previous studies. Using the water/FMWCNT nanofluid as the working fluid in microchannels is among the achievements of this study.