“…The mechanical properties of GSs are assumed as follows: Young's modulus E = 1 TPa, the mass density ρ = 2300 kg/m 3 , Poisson's ratio ν = 0.3, the thermal expansion coefficient for high temperature case α = 1.1 × 10 −6 • C −1 , and the thickness of GSs h = 0.34 nm [42]. The effects of Winkler and Pasternak coefficients of elastic foundation are taken into account.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Also, Mohammadi et al [41] examined the free vibration of embedded circular and annular SLGSs employing the nonlocal continuum model. Furthermore, Mohammadi and his co-workers investigated the influence of thermo-mechanical pre-load on the vibration behavior of embedded SLGSs [42].…”
Based on the nonlocal elasticity theory, the vibration behavior of circular double-layered graphene sheets (DLGSs) resting on the Winkler-and Pasternak-type elastic foundations in a thermal environment is investigated. The governing equation is derived on the basis of Eringen's nonlocal elasticity and the classical plate theory (CLPT). The initial thermal loading is assumed to be due to a uniform temperature rise throughout the thickness direction. Using the generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method and periodic differential operators in radial and circumferential directions, respectively, the governing equation is discretized. DLGSs with clamped and simply-supported boundary conditions are studied and the influence of van der Waals (vdW) interaction forces is taken into account. In the numerical results, the effects of various parameters such as elastic medium coefficients, radius-to-thickness ratio, thermal loading and nonlocal parameter are examined on both in-phase and anti-phase natural frequencies. The results show that the thermal load and elastic foundation respectively decreases and increases the fundamental frequencies of DLGSs.
“…The mechanical properties of GSs are assumed as follows: Young's modulus E = 1 TPa, the mass density ρ = 2300 kg/m 3 , Poisson's ratio ν = 0.3, the thermal expansion coefficient for high temperature case α = 1.1 × 10 −6 • C −1 , and the thickness of GSs h = 0.34 nm [42]. The effects of Winkler and Pasternak coefficients of elastic foundation are taken into account.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Also, Mohammadi et al [41] examined the free vibration of embedded circular and annular SLGSs employing the nonlocal continuum model. Furthermore, Mohammadi and his co-workers investigated the influence of thermo-mechanical pre-load on the vibration behavior of embedded SLGSs [42].…”
Based on the nonlocal elasticity theory, the vibration behavior of circular double-layered graphene sheets (DLGSs) resting on the Winkler-and Pasternak-type elastic foundations in a thermal environment is investigated. The governing equation is derived on the basis of Eringen's nonlocal elasticity and the classical plate theory (CLPT). The initial thermal loading is assumed to be due to a uniform temperature rise throughout the thickness direction. Using the generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method and periodic differential operators in radial and circumferential directions, respectively, the governing equation is discretized. DLGSs with clamped and simply-supported boundary conditions are studied and the influence of van der Waals (vdW) interaction forces is taken into account. In the numerical results, the effects of various parameters such as elastic medium coefficients, radius-to-thickness ratio, thermal loading and nonlocal parameter are examined on both in-phase and anti-phase natural frequencies. The results show that the thermal load and elastic foundation respectively decreases and increases the fundamental frequencies of DLGSs.
“…Results and discussion 50 The surface elastic modulus and surface residual stress are E s = 10 N/m, t s = 0.1 N/m, respectively. 48 The CTE for nanoelectronic devices may experience high temperature during manufacture and operation.…”
Section: Boundary Conditionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…They analyzed only clamped boundary condition as well as the small-scale effects considered only for the nanoplates bulk. Recently, Mohammadi et al [49][50][51] and Asemi et al 52 investigated thermal effects on the vibration and buckling of rectangular, circular, and annular graphene sheets based on nonlocal continuum mechanic without considering surface effects. They showed that the effect of temperature change on the frequency vibration becomes the opposite at higher temperature case in compression with the lower temperature case.…”
In this article, the influence of temperature change on the vibration, buckling, and bending of orthotropic graphene sheets embedded in elastic media including surface energy and small-scale effects is investigated. To take into account the small-scale and surface energy effects, the nonlocal constitutive relations of Eringen and surface elasticity theory of Gurtin and Murdoch are used, respectively. Using Hamilton's principle, the governing equations for bulk and surface of orthotropic nanoplate are derived using two-variable refined plate theory. Finite difference method is used to solve governing equations. The obtained results are verified with Navier's method and validated results reported in the literature. The results demonstrated that for both isotropic and orthotropic material properties, by increasing the temperature changes, the degree of surface effects on the buckling and vibration of nanoplates could enhance at higher temperatures, while it would diminish at lower temperatures. In addition, the effects of surface and temperature changes on the buckling and vibration for isotropic material property are more noticeable than those of orthotropic. On the contrary, these results are totally reverse for bending problem.
“…Nanomaterials have attracted noticeable interest in different engineering-related disciplines since last decade due to their promising thermo-electro-mechanical properties [1][2][3][4]. Initial stresses influence the energy efficiency and performance of many macroscale and small-scale electromechanical devices and machines since the mechanical response of the fundamental parts of these systems is changed in the presence of initial stresses [5,6]. Many factors such as imprecision in manufacturing processes and inappropriate operating conditions can cause initial stresses.…”
This paper deals with the effects of initial stress on wave propagations in small-scale plates with shape memory alloy (SMA) nanoscale wires. The initial stress is exerted on the small-scale plate along both in-plane directions. A scale-dependent model of plates is developed for taking into consideration size influences on the wave propagation. In addition, in order to take into account the effects of SMA nanoscale wires, the one-dimensional Brinson’s model is applied. A set of coupled differential equations is obtained for the non-uniformly prestressed small-scale plate with SMA nanoscale wires. An exact solution is obtained for the phase and group velocities of the prestressed small-scale system. The influences of non-uniformly distributed initial stresses as well as scale and SMA effects on the phase and group velocities are explored and discussed. It is found that initial stresses as well as the orientation and volume fraction of SMA nanoscale wires can be used as a controlling factor for the wave propagation characteristics of small-scale plates.
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