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cardiovascular disease (cVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. one common factor that may affect CVD risk factors is sleep disturbance. The factors influencing an individual's sleep may vary among different cultures. The current study investigated sleep quality and quantity in the Fasa cohort population as an iranian population. in a cross-sectional study using the fasa peRSiAn cohort study data, 10,129 subjects aged 35-70 were entered. Self-reported sleep duration and cardiovascular events were recorded. the framingham risk score (fRS) is used to predict cardiovascular events. Adjusted logistic regression showed significant odds ratios in subjects who sleep less than 6 hours for cVD (oR = 1.23; 95% CI:1.03-1.48), coronary heart disease (CHD) (OR = 1.21; 95% CI:1.009-1.46), and hypertension (Htn) (oR = 1.37; 95% CI:1.16-1.62). Higher risk profiles were also seen in the FRS for short sleepers. The highest significant odds ratios in FRS profiles in the intermediate high-risk group compared with the low-risk group were (1.44; 95% CI:1.18-1.75) in CVD and (1.48; 95% CI:1.16-1.88) in CHD risk score profiles. It can be suggested that participants with short durations of sleep had significantly higher CVD, HTN prevalence, and 10-year FRS. Participants with long sleep durations had no increase in cVD, cHD, myocardial infarction (Mi), or Htn prevalence. Mi prevalence was at the lowest level in subjects who got 8 to 8.9 hours of sleep. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) comprises the most common disorders in both developed and developing countries. CVDs result in disability and reduced efficiency and can also have an economic burden on regional health systems 1. For example, more than $231 billion US were spent on personal healthcare due to CVD in 2013 2. Recent studies have shown that the prevalence of CVD is increasing in Central and Eastern Europe 3. In 2015, cardiovascular disease caused more than 176,000 deaths in Iran 4. There is no accurate data on CVD mortalities (including myocardial infarction (MI) and coronary heart disease (CHD)) in Iran; however changes in the lifestyle of Iranian people are related to a progressive increase in the prevalence of CVDs in Iran 5. The World Health Organization (WHO) recently recommended a global strategy to control and prevent non-communicable diseases (like CVDs) based on the reduction of exposure to risk factors 6. Age, gender, blood pressure, lipid profiles, physical activity, obesity, smoking, and type 2 diabetes are some of the common risk factors for CVD. Factors that may affect CVD directly or its risk factors are sleep disturbances 7,8. Sleep deprivation can be associated with obesity 9 , diabetes 10 , and hypertension (HTN) 11,12. This association can be a predisposing factor for the incidence of cardiac disease 13. According to the U.S. National Sleep Foundation, 31% of Americans in 2001 sleep 6 hours or less daily 14. People today sleep 1.5 fewer hours than people who lived in the past century. Evidence shows that inadequate sleep has massive effects on both physiolog...

The elastic buckling behavior of quadrilateral single-layered graphene sheets (SLGS) under bi-axial compression is studied employing nonlocal continuum mechanics. Small-scale effects are taken into consideration. The principle of virtual work is employed to derive the governing equations. The Galerkin method in conjunction with the natural coordinates of the nanoplate is used as a basis for the analysis. The buckling load of skew, rhombic, trapezoidal, and rectangular nanoplates considering various geometrical parameters are obtained. It is shown that nonlocal effects are very important in arbitrary quadrilateral graphene sheets and their inclusion results in smaller buckling loads. Also the effects of geometrical parameters such as aspect ratio, angle, and mode number on the buckling load decrease when scale coefficient increases, for all arbitrary quadrilateral SLGS.

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