Thermo-electrical performance of PEM fuel cell using Al2O3 nanofluids

Zakaria, Irnie Azlin; Mohamed, Wan Ahmad Najmi Wan; Azmi, W.H.; Mamat, Aman Mohd Ihsan; Mamat, Rizalman; Daud, Wan Ramli Wan

doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.11.137

Cited by 70 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Zakaria et al [11] discussed nanofluid adoption as an alternative coolant for a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell and noticed that a 0.1% alumina–water nanofluid gives very good results as an alternative fluid for PEM cells. Also, the same authors [12] introduced the thermo-electrical conductivity ratio (TEC) based on the ratio of the electrical and thermal conductivity of Al 2 O 3 in water and water–ethylene glycol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrical Conductivity of New Nanoparticle Enhanced Fluids: An Experimental Study

Cherecheş

Minea

2019

Nanomaterials

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In this research, the electrical conductivity of simple and hybrid nanofluids containing Al2O3, TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles and water as the base fluid was experimentally studied at ambient temperature and with temperature variation in the range of 20–60 °C. A comparison of the experimental data with existing theoretical models demonstrated that the theoretical models under-predict the experimental data. Consequently, several correlations were developed for nanofluid electrical conductivity estimation in relation to temperature and volume concentration. The electrical conductivity of both simple and hybrid nanofluids increased linearly with both volume concentration and temperature upsurge. More precisely, by adding nanoparticles to water, the electrical conductivity increased from 11 times up to 58 times for both simple and hybrid nanofluids, with the maximum values being attained for the 3% volume concentration. Plus, a three-dimensional regression analysis was performed to correlate the electrical conductivity with temperature and volume fraction of the titania and silica nanofluids. The thermo-electrical conductivity ratio has been calculated based on electrical conductivity experimental results and previously determined thermal conductivity. Very low figures were noticed. Concluding, one may affirm that further experimental work is needed to completely elucidate the behavior of nanofluids in terms of electrical conductivity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present experimental study tries to shed some light on the electrical conductivity of nanofluids. Most prior research has been directed to alumina nanofluids [5,6,7,9,10,11,12] and only very few of them considered other types of nanoparticles [8,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Conductivity of New Nanoparticle Enhanced Fluids: An Experimental Study

Cherecheş

Minea

2019

Nanomaterials

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“…This was concluded based on reviewing other researchers' work on complete PEMFC stack such as the experimental work by Zakaria et. al [16] which shows that the actual lab scale stack has a rated power up to 2.4 kW. This high rated power makes the pumping power penalty to be acceptable.…”

Section: Fluid Flow Effectmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Zakaria et.al then further evaluate the heat transfer enhancement and fluid flow effect in both numerical and experimental studies of PEMFC cooling plate. Experimental validation was performed on full stack of PEMFC and reported to be feasible for the adoption [16,17]. This study explores the potential of SiO 2 nanofluids as an alternative cooling medium to PEMFC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Analysis of SiO2 Nanofluid Performance in Serpentine PEMFC Cooling Plate

Zakaria¹,

Mohamed²,

Azmi³

2018

IJET

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is among the potential substitute to current conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) in the automotive sector due to its efficient conversion efficiency and environmental friendly. However, thermal management issues in PEMFC needs to be addressed as excessive heat in PEMFC can deteriorate its performance as well as causing dehydration to the membrane. In this study, an advanced coolant of SiO 2 nanofluids was numerically studied and effect in term of the heat transfer and fluid flow behavior in a single PEMFC cooling plate is investigated. The study simulated SiO 2 nanofluids in a serpentine PEMFC cooling plate. The simulation is conducted at a low volume concentrations of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 % of SiO 2 in water and water: Ethylene Glycol (W:EG) of 60:40 as base fluids. In this serpentine cooling plate design of PEMFC, a constant heat flux is applied to mimic the actual application of PEMFC. Upon completion of the study, heat transfer and fluid flow shows that the heat transfer coefficient of 0.5 vol. % of SiO 2 nanofluids has improved by 3.5 % at Reynold (Re) number of 400 as compared to the base fluid of water with an acceptable pumping power increment.

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“…Pei et al [19] measured the temperature distribution in the cathode plate of a PEM fuel cell stack that was cooled with de-ionized water. It was found that the temperature peaks at the cells located at the middle of the stack with a maximum temperature difference of 8 K. The currently adopted research attempts of cooling PEM fuel cells include single phase liquid cooling using nanofluids [20,21] and heat pipes [22,23]. Although boiling in microchannels is very promising for thermal management of PEM fuel cells, there is limited research on boiling in microchannels at conditions relevant to fuel cell applications.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Boiling in Micro-Passages: Developments in Fundamental Aspects and Applications

Karayiannis

Mahmoud

2018

International Heat Transfer Conference 16

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Flow boiling in mini to micro passages located at the heat source, and as part of a thermal management system, has been identified as a possible way to remove the increasing high heat fluxes generated by high power electronic devices due to their capability of high heat transfer rates with small surface temperature variations. However, some still unresolved fundamental issues hinder the possible full adoption of this technology. These relate to the prevailing flow patterns, heat transfer rates and pressure drop in such geometries, and their dependence on key parameters. The possible major applications of flow boiling in microchannels are first mentioned in this paper, highlighting the requirements and the challenges of the thermal management of each application. The paper then presents new experimental research by the present authors as well as research reported in the literature on flow boiling in single tubes and rectangular multi microchannels to help elucidate the following fundamental issues: the definition of a microchannel, prevailing flow patterns, heat transfer mechanisms, flow instability and reversal and their effect on heat transfer rates, effect of channel material and surface characteristics (including latest research in coatings), effect of different fluid properties, and its relation to channel material, effect of channel length and aspect ratio. An appreciation of the above can help explain the interpretation of the prevailing fluid flow and heat transfer phenomena and the data scatter and discrepancies observed in past studies. In addition, models and correlations predicting flow patterns and heat transfer rates are presented.

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Thermo-electrical performance of PEM fuel cell using Al2O3 nanofluids

Cited by 70 publications

References 52 publications

Electrical Conductivity of New Nanoparticle Enhanced Fluids: An Experimental Study

Electrical Conductivity of New Nanoparticle Enhanced Fluids: An Experimental Study

Numerical Analysis of SiO2 Nanofluid Performance in Serpentine PEMFC Cooling Plate

Flow Boiling in Micro-Passages: Developments in Fundamental Aspects and Applications

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