Thermo-economical and environmental analyses of a Direct Contact Membrane Distillation (DCMD) performance

Efficient purification of high-salt rural groundwater in the areas along the Yellow River in Henan Province, China, by hollow fiber membrane distillation process

“…52 The specific membrane cost is defined as the membrane replacement cost per unit volume of the water production in the MD process. 53 It can be calculated by equation (20). where L MS is the membrane service life (years).…”

Reliable and efficient membrane processes for clean and sustainable production of fresh water from saline waste

“…It is observed that the composite membranes developed and utilized in our studies demonstrate comparable performance to commercially available membranes for water desalination processes, including those conducted by Abdulkader 83 and Okati. 21 However, it is noteworthy that higher flow rates, appropriate temperatures and lower salinity contribute to increasing the water vapor permeate flux. We are confident that by optimizing membrane preparation and adjusting certain parameters such as flow rate, feed temperature, low permeate temperature and module design, it is possible to achieve improved performance with higher fluxes for DCMD water desalination processes.…”

“…20 This technology offers numerous benefits, including the treatment of brine solutions, low-temperature operation, minimal pressure requirements, uncomplicated operational setups and cost-effective installation. 21,22 Commonly used materials for the development of DCMD membranes include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), 20 polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), 23 polysulfone (PSU) and polypropylene (PP) owing to their hydrophobic nature, thermal stability, mechanical strength and chemical resistance. [24][25][26] The incorporation of ionic liquids (ILs) into the polymer network presents a promising and environmentally friendly alternative for membrane modification.…”

Experimental Investigation of the Desalination Process for Direct Contact Membrane Distillation Using Plate and Frame Membrane Module

“…When compared to conventional membrane methods like RO [17,18], it has a higher interception rate for solutes, and is unaffected by high salt solutions and high permeate pressure. Furthermore, lower operating levels of pressure and temperature are possible for MD [19,20] because the membrane barrier only necessitates a narrower vapor space. It works well with green power sources or thermal waste sources [20,21].…”

“…Furthermore, lower operating levels of pressure and temperature are possible for MD [19,20] because the membrane barrier only necessitates a narrower vapor space. It works well with green power sources or thermal waste sources [20,21]. Additionally, because of its less complex configuration, it is becoming a practical separation process that can be used in ocean water and brackish water desalination, in the preparation of ultrapure water [22], chemical material recovery and concentration, watery solutions' volatile solutes' removal and recovery, in juice from fruit and liquid food concentration, in cleaning up sewage, and in other fields [23].…”