Thermo-ecological and exergy replacement costs of nickel processing

Domínguez, Adriana; Czarnowska, Lucyna; Valero, Alicia; Stanek, Wojciech; Valero, Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.05.013

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Chemical exergy alone cannot reflect that fact. This is why when analyzing non-fuel minerals, exergy replacement costs (ERC) are preferred [46,47]. These represent the natural free bonus provided by nature for having the minerals concentrated in mines instead of dispersed in the crust.…”

Section: Exergy Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Global material requirements for the energy transition. An exergy flow analysis of decarbonisation pathways

Valero

Calvo

et al. 2018

Energy

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Moving towards a low-carbon economy will imply a considerable increase in the deployment of green technologies, which will in turn increase the demand of certain raw materials. In this paper, the material requirements for 2050 scenarios are assessed in terms of exergy to analyze the impact in natural resources in each scenario and identify which technologies are going to demand more resources.Renewable energy technologies are more mineral intensive than current energy sources.Using the International Energy Agency scenarios, from 2025 to 2050, total raw material demand is going to increase by 30%, being the transport sector the one that experiences the highest increase. Aluminum, iron, copper and potassium are those elements that present a higher share of the material needs for green technologies. Besides, there are five elements that experience at least a six-fold increase in demand in that period: cobalt, lithium, magnesium, titanium and zinc. Comparing those results with Greenpeace's AE[R] scenario, which considers a 100% renewable supply by 2050, this increase is even higher. Therefore, avoiding the dependency on fossil fuels will imply to accept the dependency on raw materials.

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Section: Exergy Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Global material requirements for the energy transition. An exergy flow analysis of decarbonisation pathways

Valero

Calvo

et al. 2018

Energy

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“…The higher the concentration the lower energy input is necessary to obtain the ore for metallurgical processes. In [6] it was proposed that the exergy mineral resources should contain not only chemical exergy but also concentration exergy resulting from the entropy of solution:…”

Section: Thermo-ecological Cost (Tec) Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The system ecological effects including the evaluation of natural resource management is possible with the application of the TEC [5,6,12,13,16]. TEC is defined [5,12] as a cumulative consumption of non-renewable exergy connected with the fabrication of a particular product with inclusion of the additional demand for resources necessary to compensate of losses due to rejection of wastes to the natural environment.…”

Section: Thermo-ecological Cost (Tec) Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12) b s j includes the chemical exergy b ch j and concentration exergy b c j [5,6]. The chemical part results from the equation [5]:…”

Section: Thermo-ecological Cost (Tec) Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exergy is alternatively defined as [5]: -maximum ability of substance to perform work in relation to the environmental "dead state", -minimum amount of work necessary to produce a material of given parameters from components common in the natural environment. The second definition is especially useful for evaluation of quality of mineral resources with known ore grade [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Exergo-Ecological Assessment Of Auxiliary Fuel Injection Into Blast-Furnace

Stanek¹,

Szega²,

Blacha³

et al. 2015

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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Metallurgy represents complex technological chain supplied with different kinds of primary resources. Iron metallurgy based on blast-furnace process, dominates in world steel production. Metallurgical coke is the basic fuel in this case. Its production is connected with several environmental disadvantageous impacts. One of them is the extended production chain from primary energy to final energy. The reduction of coke consumption in the process can be achieved e.g. by injection of auxiliary fuels or increasing the thermal parameters in the process. In present injection of pulverised coal dominates while recirculation of top-gas seems to be future technology. However, the latter one requires the CO 2 removal that additionally extended the production chain. The evaluation of resources management in complex energy-technological systems required application of advanced method based on thermodynamics. In the paper the system exergo-ecological assessment of pulverised coal injection into blast-furnace and top-gas recirculation has been applied. As a comparative criterion the thermo-ecological cost has been proposed.Keywords: Blast-Furnace (BF), Pulverised Coal Injection (PCI), Top-Gas Recirculation (TGR), Thermo-Ecological Cost (TEC) Metalurgia reprezentuje złożony łańcuch technologiczny zasilany różnymi rodzajami zasobów pierwotnych. Proces wielkopiecowy jest dominującą technologią w światowej metalurgii żelaza. Podstawowym paliwem w tym przypadku jest koks metalurgiczny. Produkcja koksu jest związana jednak z szeregiem niekorzystnych oddziaływań środowiskowych. Jednym z nich jest wydłużony łańcuch przemian od pozyskania zasobów energii pierwotnej do wytworzenia koksu. Redukcję zużycia koksu w wielkim piecu można osiągnąć przez wdmuchiwanie paliw zastępczych lub przez zwiększanie parametrów termicznych dmuchu wielkopiecowego. Obecnie w nowoczesnym procesie wielkopiecowym dominuje wdmuchiwanie pyłu węgla kamiennego. Jako technologię przyszłościową zaś wymienia się recyrkulację gazu wielkopiecowego do strefy dysz wielkiego pieca. Recyrkulacja gazu wymaga jednak zastosowania usuwania CO 2 , co wiąże się z dodatkowymi nakładami energii. Ocena efektywności gospodarki zasobami w złożonych systemach energo-technologicznych wymaga zastosowania zaawansowanych metod opartych o prawa termodynamiki. W pracy zaprezentowano systemową egzergo-ekologiczną ocenę wdmuchiwania pyłu węglowego oraz recyrkulacji gazu gardzielowego do wielkiego pieca. Jako kryterium porównawcze zastosowano wskaźnik kosztu termo-ekologicznego.

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