Thermo- and pH-responsive star-like polymers synthesized by photoATRP

Hybrid of Organophotoredox- and Cu-Mediated Pathways Enables Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization with Extremely Low Catalyst Loading

“…Incorporating photochemistry into reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) has become a subject of increased interest, which offer a new opportunity for precise polymeric materials synthesis under a spatiotemporal controllable manner and mild condition. − Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is one of the most intensively utilized RDRP methods. − Until now, several photoATRP systems have shown extraordinary control over activation–deactivation equilibrium. In Cu-mediated photoATRP, Cu II /L first accessed the excited state by absorbing an ultraviolet or violet light (<400 nm) photon.…”

Near-Infrared Light and Acid/Base Dual-Regulated Polymerization Utilizing Imidazole-Anion-Fused Perylene Diimides as Photocatalysts

“…Utilizing light as both regulator and trigger has become a popular method for polymer synthesis due to its ubiquity, noninvasive nature, and adjustable spectra/energy. − In particular, photoinduced reversible deactivation radical polymerization involving organic photocatalysts (PCs) has been extensively studied, including photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (photoATRP) and photoinduced electron/energy transfer-reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization. − The dormant polymer chains are activated by the photoexcited organic photocatalyst via electron/energy transfer, generating propagating radical species. − The radical species undergo deactivation via back-electron transfer to establish an activation–deactivation equilibrium. This enables the polymerization to be halted by simply switching the light irradiation off.…”

Double hydrophilic copolymers – synthetic approaches, architectural variety, and current application fields

“…26,33 Finally, some of the repeat units could not be introduced via a simple polymerization making the use of protective group chemistry necessary. 21,42,69 Indeed, great attention should be taken to properly select suitable reaction conditions when designing a specific system. In polymer science, the ultimate goal is mostly to introduce inexpensive, biocompatible, multifunctional, and ideally non-toxic polymers.…”

“…The core first approach is more often exploited in the synthesis of star block copolymers, starting from multifunctional initiator cores and followed by CRP. For this, cyclodextrin (21 arms), 42,69,90 dendritic polyesters (nine arms) 13,91 and glycerol ethoxylate (3 arms) 92 were used for the defined synthesis of the block copolymer. For the polymerisation of the corresponding block copolymers, in addition to conventional ATRP, SET-LRP and photo ATRP were applied to precisely control the segment length.…”