Thermally stable ion-exchange resins as catalysts for the liquid-phase dehydration of 1-pentanol to di-n-pentyl ether (DNPE)

Bringué, Roger; Iborra, Montserrat; Tejero, Javier; Izquierdo, J.F.; Cunill, Fidel; Fité, Carles; Cruz, V.

doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2006.07.035

Cited by 61 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…One of the outlets of the reactor was connected directly to the liquid sampling valve, which injected 0.2 μl of pressurized liquid into a GLC apparatus. More information about the experimental setup can be found elsewhere [26].…”

Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinetics of 1-hexanol etherification on Amberlyst 70

Bringué

Ramírez

Iborra

et al. 2014

Chemical Engineering Journal

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The kinetics of the liquid-phase etherification of 1-hexanol to di-n-ethyl ether and water on the ion-exchange resin Amberlyst 70 in the temperature range 423-463K is studied.The strong inhibition effect of water is considered following two approaches. First, a model stemming from a Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW) mechanism was used, wherein the inhibitor effect of water was explained by the competitive adsorption of water and hexanol. Secondly, a modified Eley-Rideal (ER) model that includes an inhibition factor, in which a Freundlich-like function is used to explain the inhibitor effect of water by blocking the access of hexanol to the active centers. Both models fitted data quite well, although the best fitting results were obtained with the modified ER model. The activation energy was 125 ± 3 kJ/mol for the LHHW model and 121 ± 3 kJ/mol for the modified ER one.

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Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equation 8 stems from an analog ER mechanism but water remains adsorbed and the ether is released to the bulk phase. More detailed information about the mechanisms is found elsewhere [26,28].…”

Section: Kinetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of 1-hexanol etherification on Amberlyst 70

Bringué

Ramírez

Iborra

et al. 2014

Chemical Engineering Journal

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“…The nitrogen physisorption (in accordance to the B.E.T. method) confirmed a specific surface area in the range of 36 m 2 g -1 [14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneously catalyzed conversion of nordic pulp to levulinic and formic acids

Ahlkvist

Wärnå

Salmi

et al. 2016

Reac Kinet Mech Cat

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Herein, one-pot conversion of cellulose to platform chemicals, formic and levulinic acids was demonstrated. The catalyst selected was an affordable, acidic ion-exchange resin, Amberlyst 70, whereas the cellulose used was sulfite cellulose delivered by a Swedish pulp mill. Furthermore, in an attempt to better understand the complex hydrolysis network of the polysaccharide, kinetic experiments were carried out to pinpoint the optimal reaction conditions with an initial substrate concentration of 0.7-6.0 wt% and a temperature range of 180-200°C. Higher temperatures could not be used due to the limitations in the thermal stability of the catalyst. Overall, maximum theoretical yields of 59 and 68 mol% were obtained for formic and levulinic acid, respectively. The parameters allowing for the best performance were reaction temperature of 180°C and initial cellulose concentration of 0.7 wt%. After studying the behavior of the system, a simplified reaction network in line with a mechanistic approach was developed and found to follow first order reaction kinetics. A satisfactory fit of the model to the experimental data was achieved (97.8 % degree of explanation). The catalyst chosen exhibited good mechanical strength under the experimental conditions and thus, a route providing green platform chemicals from soft wood pulp from coniferous trees (mixture of Scots Pine and Norway Spruce) was demonstrated.

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“…The etherification of n-pentanol is catalysed by Amberlyst 70, Nafion NR50, NaA and H-Beta zeolites [6,7]. …”

Section: The Chemical Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the etherification of linear n-alcohols such as n-pentanol has been the subject of many experimental studies [6][7][8][9][10][11][12], design and control studies are missing from the literature. The flowsheet for the production of di n-pentyl ether proposed in this study is presented in Fig.…”

Section: Flowsheetmentioning

confidence: 99%