Thermally induced acoustic emission in westerly granite

Chen, Yong; Wang, Chi‐Yuen

doi:10.1029/gl007i012p01089

Cited by 176 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…KE memory loss in rock, besides increasing time delay between successive loading cycles, can also be supported by water saturation and heating of rock which was shown by Yoshikawa and Mogi (1981). A thermal Kaiser , the recall of previous maximum temperature exists (Yong and Wang 1980;Zogala et al 1992;Shkuratnik et al 2007), while an aqua-Kaiser (recall of previous maximum humidity conditions) needs to be proven. No significant influence of loading rate on KE has been found (Lavrov 2001).…”

Section: Kaiser Effectmentioning

confidence: 91%

Stress Field of the Earth’s Crust

2010

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Section: Kaiser Effectmentioning

confidence: 91%

Stress Field of the Earth’s Crust

2010

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“…As more recent studies (e.g. Yong and Wang, 1980) have shown, microcracking of granite can occur with temperatures of 72°C or greater, so the combination of this with the effects of wetting and drying (caused by immersion in water followed by heating) could be expected to exacerbate the rate of breakdown.…”

Section: Details Of Mass Lossmentioning

confidence: 96%

Weathering by Wetting and Drying: Some Experimental Results

Hall

1996

Earth Surf. Process. Landforms

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A series of experiments on sandstone and dolerite was undertaken in an attempt to better understand the wetting and drying weathering process. As rock samples are frequently subjected to wet-dry cycles within the simulation of other weathering mechanisms (e.g. freeze-thaw), three common methods of moisture application were used and the influences of these evaluated. It was found that the method of moisture application could affect the nature of the weathering products resulting from wetting and drying. It was also observed that there were changes in the internal properties of the rock (e.g. porosity/microporosity) and that these could influence the synergistic operation of other weathering processes. Although not all of the observations could be explained, it is apparent that wetting and drying has both a direct and an indirect effect on the weathering of rock that has not been taken into account in simulations. Greater cognizance needs to be given to the role of this process both in the field and in laboratory simulations.

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“…Changes in dynamic (Alm et al, 1985;Petrakova et al, 2012) and static (Heard and Page, 1982;Homand-Etienne and Houpert, 1989;Heap et al, 2009;Petrakova et al, 2012) elastic moduli in response to thermal stressing showed that, whereas granites showed a deterioration in elastic moduli (e.g., Young's modulus was decreased by between 50-70%), extrusive igneous rocks (basalt and andesite) were unaffected. In the case of the extrusive igneous rocks, the unaltered elastic moduli were interpreted to be a consequence of their pre-existing pervasive thermal microcrack network (perhaps linked to the notion of the Kaiser "temperature memory" effect, see Yong and Wang, 1980;Zuberek et al, 1999;Choi et al, 2005) and their thermally stable mineral assemblages (Heap et al, 2009;Petrakova et al, 2012).…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal weakening of the carbonate basement under Mt. Etna volcano (Italy): Implications for volcano instability

Heap

Mollo

Vinciguerra

et al. 2013

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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The physical integrity of a sub-volcanic basement is crucial in controlling the stability of a volcanic edifice. For many volcanoes, this basement can comprise thick sequences of carbonates that are prone to significant thermally-induced alteration. These debilitating thermal reactions, facilitated by heat from proximal magma storage volumes, promote the weakening of the rock mass and likely therefore encourage edifice instability. Such instability can result in slow, gravitational spreading and episodic to continuous slippage of unstable flanks, and may also facilitate catastrophic flank collapse. Understanding the propensity of a particular sub-volcanic basement to such instability requires a detailed understanding of the influence of high temperatures on the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of the rocks involved. The juxtaposition of a thick carbonate substratum and magmatic heat sources makes Mt. Etna volcano an ideal candidate for our study. We investigated experimentally the effect of temperature on two carbonate rocks that have been chosen to represent the deep, heterogeneous sedimentary substratum under Mt. Etna volcano. This study has demonstrated that thermalstressing resulted in a progressive and significant change in the physical properties of the two rocks. Porosity, wet (i.e., water-saturated) dynamic Poisson's ratio and wet Vp/Vs ratio all increased, whilst P-and S-wave velocities, bulk sample density, dynamic and static Young's modulus, dry Vp/Vs ratio, and dry dynamic Poisson's ratio all decreased. At temperatures of 800 °C, the carbonate in these rocks completely dissociated, resulting in a total mass loss of about 45% and the release of about 44 wt.% of CO 2 . Uniaxial deformation experiments showed that high in-situ temperatures (> 500°C) significantly reduced the strength of the carbonates and altered their deformation behaviour. Above 500 °C the rocks deformed in a ductile manner and A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPTthe output of acoustic emissions was greatly reduced. We speculate that thermally-induced weakening and the ductile behaviour of the carbonate substratum could be a key factor in explaining the large-scale deformation observed at Mt. Etna volcano. Our findings are consistent with several field observations at Mt. Etna volcano and can quantitatively support the interpretation of (1) the irregularly low seismic velocity zones present within the sub-volcanic sedimentary basement, (2) the anomalously high CO 2 degassing observed, (3) the anomalously high Vp/Vs ratios and the rapid migration of fluids, and (4) the increasing instability of volcanic edifices in the lifespan of a magmatic system. We speculate that carbonate sub-volcanic basement may emerge as one of the decisive fundamentals in controlling volcanic stability.

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Thermally induced acoustic emission in westerly granite

Cited by 176 publications

References 7 publications

Stress Field of the Earth’s Crust

Stress Field of the Earth’s Crust

Weathering by Wetting and Drying: Some Experimental Results

Thermal weakening of the carbonate basement under Mt. Etna volcano (Italy): Implications for volcano instability

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