Thermal wattmeter with direct power conversion

A novel symmetrical microwave power sensor based on GaAs monolithic microwave integrated circuit technology

“…In addition, the symmetrical structure restrains the temperature drift. Though the operation principle of the power sensor based on ac/dc substitution has already been presented and it is widely used [4][5][6], there are many differences. Firstly, the structure is different.…”

“…Firstly, the structure is different. The power sensor in the paper [4][5][6] adopts the Schottky diode, while the symmetrical power sensor adopts the thermopile. Secondly, the frequency range and the power measured are different.…”

A simple VFC based wattmeter suitable for application at industrial frequency

“…Most of the commercially-available analogue multipliers are based on the Gilbert cell, which is well suited for high frequency multiplication [1]. Other methods available are thermal [2] and current-balancing techniques [3]. In recent years other analogue methods have been proposed: the watt converter based on the magneto-resistive effect [4], the electro optic crystal multiplier [5], and a technique based on a transistor for multiplication and conversion to the thermal domain [6] are some examples of the techniques explored.…”

Caracterización de convertidores digitales mediante patrones cuánticos

“…El siguiente paso fue sustituir los divisores utilizados para conseguir las condiciones de operación del puente por convertidores digitales, se denominaron puentes asistidos y han facilitado enormemente la operación de los puentes [12] [53].…”

“…Una descripción detallada de este método puede verse en [53] 11.2 Análisis neuronal El uso de redes neuronales para determinar el espectro de una señal de entrada se basa en el mismo principio que los métodos Sine-fitting, esto es, que la señal bajo análisis puede expresarse como una serie de Fourier truncada.…”