Ocean acidification (OA) is predicted to play a major role in shaping species biogeography and marine biodiversity over the next century. We tested the effect of medium-term exposure to OA (pH 8.00, 7.30 and 6.70 for 30 d) on acid -base balance in the decapod crab Necora puber -a species that is known to possess good extracellular buffering ability during short-term exposure to hypercapnic conditions. To determine if crabs undergo physiological trade-offs in order to buffer their haemolymph, we characterised a number of fundamental physiological functions, i.e. metabolic rate, tolerance to heat, carapace and chelae [Ca 2+ ] and [Mg 2+ ], haemolymph [Ca 2+ ] and [Mg 2+ ], and immune response in terms of lipid peroxidation. Necora puber was able to buffer changes to extracellular pH over 30 d exposure to hypercapnic water, with no evidence of net shell dissolution, thus demonstrating that HCO 3 -is actively taken up from the surrounding water. In addition, tolerance to heat, carapace mineralization, and aspects of immune response were not affected by hypercapnic conditions. In contrast, whole-animal O 2 uptake significantly decreased with hypercapnia, while significant increases in haemolymph [Ca 2+ ] and [Mg 2+ ] and chelae [Mg 2+ ] were observed with hypercapnia. Our results confirm that most physiological functions in N. puber are resistant to low pH/ hypercapnia over a longer period than previously investigated, although such resistance comes at the expenses of metabolic rates, haemolymph chemistry and chelae mineralization.KEY WORDS: Ocean acidification · Physiology · Metabolic depression · Necora puber · Thermal tolerance · Carbon capture and storage
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