Thermal sublimation: a scalable and controllable thinning method for the fabrication of few-layer black phosphorus

Luo, Weijun; Yang, Rui; Liu, Jialun; Zhao, Yunlong; Zhu, Wenjuan; Xia, Guangrui

doi:10.1088/1361-6528/aa76ae

Cited by 23 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…As a demonstration, a BP field‐effect transistor channel has been shown to be selectively thinned from 17 to 10 nm (Figure c), resulting in a 50‐fold increase of current on/off ratio with minimal effect on carrier mobility . An extension of vertical thinning has been achieved through the use of plasma etching and thermal sublimation by laser irradiation or direct heating . As shown in Figure d, multilayer BP and MoS 2 flakes are thinned after Ar + treatment that is tunable by plasma power and duration.…”

Section: Control Of Surface and Interface Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Interface Characterization and Control of 2D Materials and Heterostructures

2018

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2D materials and heterostructures have attracted significant attention for a variety of nanoelectronic and optoelectronic applications. At the atomically thin limit, the material characteristics and functionalities are dominated by surface chemistry and interface coupling. Therefore, methods for comprehensively characterizing and precisely controlling surfaces and interfaces are required to realize the full technological potential of 2D materials. Here, the surface and interface properties that govern the performance of 2D materials are introduced. Then the experimental approaches that resolve surface and interface phenomena down to the atomic scale, as well as strategies that allow tuning and optimization of interfacial interactions in van der Waals heterostructures, are systematically reviewed. Finally, a future outlook that delineates the remaining challenges and opportunities for 2D material interface characterization and control is presented.

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Section: Control Of Surface and Interface Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Interface Characterization and Control of 2D Materials and Heterostructures

2018

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“…An effective, convenient, and cheap synthesis technique is urgently needed to promote the applications of BP in MIR photodetection products. In this section, we give a sketchy introduction about the synthesis techniques of thin‐film BP, including micromechanical exfoliation, [ 28,32,105–109 ] liquid‐phase exfoliation, [ 110–134 ] electrochemical exfoliation, [ 135–138 ] alkali metal intercalation, [ 139 ] plasma etching, [ 140–144 ] thermal sublimation, [ 145,146 ] anodic oxidation, [ 147 ] chemical thinning method, [ 148 ] mechanochemical method, [ 149 ] red phosphorus (RP)‐to‐BP conversion, [ 150–153 ] pulsed laser deposition, [ 154,155 ] solvothermal method, [ 156,157 ] and lateral growth method. [ 158 ] All these methods can be categorized into “top‐down” and “bottom‐up” techniques.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Thin‐film Black Phosphorusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To exfoliate BP from bulk down to 2D or quasi‐2D flakes, external forces are applied to break up the vdW bonds between two adjacent layers through micromechanical exfoliation, [ 28,32,105–109 ] liquid‐phase exfoliation, [ 110–134 ] electrochemical exfoliation, [ 135–138 ] or alkali metal intercalation method. [ 139 ] The other approach is to remove phosphorus atoms layer by layer through physical or chemical etching, including plasma etching, [ 140–144 ] thermal sublimation, [ 145,146 ] anodic oxidation, [ 147 ] chemical thinning method, [ 148 ] and mechanochemical method. [ 149 ]…”

Section: Synthesis Of Thin‐film Black Phosphorusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2017, Luo et al reported the method of thermal sublimation to achieve scalable and controllable preparation of BP flakes. [ 145 ] As shown in Figure 1d, BP samples on SiO 2 /Si substrate are heated at 500–600 K on a heating stage with N 2 gas flowing across the chamber. [ 145 ] BP flakes with large size (>200 µm 2 ) and thin thickness (2–4 layers) can be obtained by this technique.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Thin‐film Black Phosphorusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis Techniques, Optoelectronic Properties, and Broadband Photodetection of Thin‐Film Black Phosphorus

Zhang

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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Black phosphorus (BP), a van der Waals (vdW) layered material, has been intensively studied in recent years since the rediscovery of its thin‐film form in 2014. It is considered as a promising material for mid‐infrared (MIR) photodetection, due to its intrinsic narrow bandgap, tunable band properties, decent optical absorption, high room‐temperature mobility, and high compatibility with silicon‐based technology. Here, the recent advances in the synthesis techniques, the novel optoelectronic properties, and applications of thin‐film BP flake in MIR photodetection are reviewed. Over 17 synthesis techniques of BP films, as well as their merits and drawbacks, are summarized and discussed. The recently discovered strain‐, electric‐field‐, and chemical‐doping‐induced bandgap tuning effects in BP effectively extend its optical absorption cutoff wavelength into regime with longer wavelength (>4 µm). In addition, the establishment of BP‐based vdW heterostructures paves a new way to design novel high‐performance MIR photodetectors. BP MIR photodetectors enabled by various photocurrent generation mechanisms (photoconductive, photogating, and photovoltaic effect) and device configurations (transistor‐type, waveguide‐coupled, Schottky‐junction‐type, and heterojunction‐type devices) are summarized and compared.

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“…These vacancies grow with an elliptical shape, with their long axis aligned along the zigzag direction of the bP crystal, see Figure . Based on these results, a method for the thermal thinning of few‐layer bP flakes has been proposed and demonstrated …”

Section: 2d Bp Stability Optimization and Device Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Perspective on Recent Advances in Phosphorene Functionalization and Its Applications in Devices

et al. 2018

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Phosphorene, the 2D material derived from black phosphorus, has recently attracted a lot of interest for its properties, suitable for applications in materials science. The physical features and the prominent chemical reactivity on its surface render this nanolayered substrate particularly promising for electrical and optoelectronic applications. In addition, being a new potential ligand for metals, it opens the way for a new role of the inorganic chemistry in the 2D world, with special reference to the field of catalysis. The aim of this review is to summarize the state of the art in this subject and to present our most recent results in the preparation, functionalization, and use of phosphorene and its decorated derivatives. We discuss several key points, which are currently under investigation: the synthesis, the characterization by theoretical calculations, the high pressure behavior of black phosphorus, as well as its decoration with nanoparticles and encapsulation in polymers. Finally, device fabrication and electrical transport measurements are overviewed on the basis of recent literature and the new results collected in our laboratories.

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Thermal sublimation: a scalable and controllable thinning method for the fabrication of few-layer black phosphorus

Cited by 23 publications

References 61 publications

Interface Characterization and Control of 2D Materials and Heterostructures

Interface Characterization and Control of 2D Materials and Heterostructures

Synthesis Techniques, Optoelectronic Properties, and Broadband Photodetection of Thin‐Film Black Phosphorus

A Perspective on Recent Advances in Phosphorene Functionalization and Its Applications in Devices

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