Thermal stability of specialty optical fiber coatings

Stolov, Andrei A.; Wrubel, Jacob A.; Simoff, Debra A.

doi:10.1007/s10973-016-5250-z

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…These measurements show agreement within four • C during oven testing. Additionally, there was no observed loss of strain tracking in the FBG even after the sample was cured for three hours at 300 • C as shown in Figure 5 (a), not showing the expected degradation of over fifty percent of the acrylate coating in atmosphere [21]. This tracking confirms mechanical coupling between the sensor and metal matrix, which suggests that the coating neither degraded or melted as a result of this thermal loading.…”

Section: Experimental Results Oven Testingmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…While FBGs often make use of either polyamide or metallic coatings for higher temperature applications, there is interest in using the industry standard acrylate coating to minimize pre-processing steps. This UV cured dual-acrylate coating carbonizes at temperatures above 100 • C [21]. This carbonization process is dependent upon the content of the atmosphere in which the fiber is located, the temperature, and the rate of heating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Temperature Characterization of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors Embedded Into Metallic Structures Through Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing

Schomer

Dapino

2017

Volume 2: Modeling, Simulation and Control of Adaptive Systems; Integrated System Design and Implementation; Structural Health

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Embedded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are attractive for in-situ structural monitoring, especially in fiber reinforced composites. Their implementation in metallic structures is hindered by the thermal limit of the protective coating, typically a polymer material. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the embedding of FBG sensors into metals with the ultimate objective of using FBG sensors for structural health monitoring of metallic structures. To that end, ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) is utilized. UAM is a solid-state manufacturing process based on ultrasonic metal welding that allows for layered addition of metallic foils without melting. Embedding FBGs through UAM is shown to result in total cross-sectional encapsulation of the sensors within the metal matrix, which encourages uniform strain transfer. Since the UAM process takes place at essentially room temperature, the industry standard acrylate protective coating can be used rather than requiring a new coating applied to the FBGs prior to embedment. Measurements presented in this paper show that UAM-embedded FBG sensors accurately track strain at temperatures higher than 400 °C. The data reveals the conditions under which detrimental wavelength hopping takes place due to non-uniformity of the load transferred to the FBG. Further, optical cross-sectioning of the test specimens shows inhibition of the thermal degradation of the protective coating. It is hypothesized that the lack of an atmosphere around the fully-encapsulated FBGs makes it possible to operate the sensors at temperatures well above what has been possible until now. Embedded FBGs were shown to retain their coatings when subjected to a thermal loading that would result in over 50 percent degradation (by volume and mass) in atmospherically exposed fiber.

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Section: Experimental Results Oven Testingmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Temperature Characterization of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors Embedded Into Metallic Structures Through Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing

Schomer

Dapino

2017

Volume 2: Modeling, Simulation and Control of Adaptive Systems; Integrated System Design and Implementation; Structural Health

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“…Using water-swellable polymers to coat silica fibers and reflectometry approaches, distributed humidity sensors over conventional glass fibers have also been reported [ 8 ]. The coating of the optical fiber can be a specific material that allows for specific chemical sensing [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. While this approach has been mostly used for point sensors [ 17 ], where several possible coatings for chemical sensing have been investigated [ 17 , 18 , 19 ], we have shown that the approach can be directly applied to distributed sensing approaches [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Optical Fibers with Multiple Coatings for Swelling-Based Chemical Sensing

et al. 2021

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We discuss distributed chemical sensing based on the swelling of coatings of optical fibers. Volume changes in the coating induce strain in the fiber’s glass core, provoking a local change in the refractive index which is detectable by distributed fiber optical sensing techniques. We describe methods to realize different coatings on a single fiber. Simultaneous detection of swelling processes all along the fiber opens the possibility to interrogate thousands of differently functionalized sections on a single fiber. Principal component analysis is used to enable sensors for environmental monitoring, food analysis, agriculture, water quality monitoring, or medical diagnostics.

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“…SHM systems should include a minimally-invasive, long-term sensor network that can accurately detect damage in real time [3]. Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) strain sensors are currently used in structural applications including buildings foundations [4], wind turbines [5], composite cure monitoring [6], bridges [7], concrete infrastructure [1], and full-scale composite structures [8]. Tosi [9] reviewed chirped FBG sensors that can provide local measurement of strain and temperature along the length of the fiber, typically 15–20 mm, with millimeter-level spatial resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Crack Initiation and Growth Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors Embedded into Metal Structures through Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing

Chilelli

Schomer

Dapino

2019

Sensors

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Structural health monitoring (SHM) is a rapidly growing field focused on detecting damage in complex systems before catastrophic failure occurs. Advanced sensor technologies are necessary to fully harness SHM in applications involving harsh or remote environments, life-critical systems, mass-production vehicles, robotic systems, and others. Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors are attractive for in-situ health monitoring due to their resistance to electromagnetic noise, ability to be multiplexed, and accurate real-time operation. Ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) has been demonstrated for solid-state fabrication of 3D structures with embedded FBG sensors. In this paper, UAM-embedded FBG sensors are investigated with a focus on SHM applications. FBG sensors embedded in an aluminum matrix 3 mm from the initiation site are shown to resolve a minimum crack length of 0.286 ± 0.033 mm and track crack growth until near failure. Accurate crack detection is also demonstrated from FBGs placed 6 mm and 9 mm from the crack initiation site. Regular acrylate-coated FBG sensors are shown to repeatably work at temperatures up to 300 ∘C once embedded with the UAM process.

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Thermal stability of specialty optical fiber coatings

Cited by 21 publications

References 67 publications

High Temperature Characterization of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors Embedded Into Metallic Structures Through Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing

High Temperature Characterization of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors Embedded Into Metallic Structures Through Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing

Fabrication of Optical Fibers with Multiple Coatings for Swelling-Based Chemical Sensing

Detection of Crack Initiation and Growth Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors Embedded into Metal Structures through Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing

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