Thermal stability and fire behavior of aluminum diethylphosphinate-epoxy resin nanocomposites

Gu, Lin; Qiu, Jianhui; Sakai, Eiichi

doi:10.1007/s10854-016-5488-z

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In addition, the traditional flame retardant APP was reportedly microencapsulated by a ultraviolet-curable epoxy acrylate (EA) resin, and the flame-retardant efficiency for APP was improved because of the presence of the EA shell. 23 Gu et al 24 also reported the significantly enhanced flame retardancy of aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP)-epoxy resin (EP) nanocomposites. The vertical burning test (UL 94) V-0 rating and limiting oxygen index (LOI) value greater than 37.2 can be reached for nanocomposites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxy resin/phosphorus‐based microcapsules: Their synergistic effect on flame retardation properties of high‐density polyethylene/graphene nanoplatelets composites

Xia

Tang

Tao

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Two types of microcapsule flame retardants are prepared by coating ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP) with epoxy resin (EP) as the shell via in situ polymerization, and blended with high density polyethylene (HDPE)/graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) composites to obtain flame‐retardant HDPE materials. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and water contact angle results confirm the formation of core–shell structures of EP@APP and EP@ADP. The limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL‐94), cone calorimetry, and Raman spectroscopy are employed to characterize the HDPE/GNPs composites filled with EP@APP and EP@ADP core–shell materials. A UL94 V‐0 level and LOI of 34% is achieved, and the two flame retardants incorporated in the HDPE/GNPs composite at 20 wt % in total play a synergistic effect in the flame retardancy of the composite at a mass ratio of EP@ADP:EP@APP = 2:1. According to the cone‐calorimetric data, the compounding composites present much lower peak heat release rate (300 kW/m2) and total heat release (99.4 MJ/m2) than those of pure HDPE. Raman spectroscopic analysis of the composites after combustion reveals that the degree of graphitization of the residual char can reach 2.31, indicating the remarkable flame retarding property of the composites. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46662.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxy resin/phosphorus‐based microcapsules: Their synergistic effect on flame retardation properties of high‐density polyethylene/graphene nanoplatelets composites

Xia

Tang

Tao

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Comparing Figure 7 c with Figure 4 d it can be observed that the addition of Alpi with 12.5 wt.% [ 85 ] reduced the flexural strength of epoxy resin by only 20%. Alternatively, the addition of just 5 wt.% Alpi to unsaturated polyester resin reduced the tensile strength by 40% and increasing the Alpi content to reach 15 wt.% reduced the tensile strength by 60%.…”

Section: Literature On Thermosetting Polymers and Their Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Selection Charts for Epoxy Resin, Unsaturated Polyester Resin and Their Fibre-Fabric Composites with Flame Retardants

et al. 2021

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Epoxy and unsaturated polyester resins are the most used thermosetting polymers. They are commonly used in electronics, construction, marine, automotive and aircraft industries. Moreover, reinforcing both epoxy and unsaturated polyester resins with carbon or glass fibre in a fabric form has enabled them to be used in high-performance applications. However, their organic nature as any other polymeric materials made them highly flammable materials. Enhancing the flame retardancy performance of thermosetting polymers and their composites can be improved by the addition of flame-retardant materials, but this comes at the expense of their mechanical properties. In this regard, a comprehensive review on the recent research articles that studied the flame retardancy of epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin and their composites were covered. Flame retardancy performance of different flame retardant/polymer systems was evaluated in terms of Flame Retardancy index (FRI) that was calculated based on the data extracted from the cone calorimeter test. Furthermore, flame retardant selection charts that relate between the flame retardancy level with mechanical properties in the aspects of tensile and flexural strength were presented. This review paper is also dedicated to providing the reader with a brief overview on the combustion mechanism of polymeric materials, their flammability behaviour and the commonly used flammability testing techniques and the mechanism of action of flame retardants.

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“…As one of the most common thermosetting polymers, epoxy resin (EP) is widely applied in various fields such as adhesives and coatings due to its high‐performances including excellent mechanical properties, good chemical resistance 1‐5 . However, the flammability of EP and smoke emission during the combustion restrict its use in many applications 6‐8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxy resin/tin ethylenediamine tetra‐methylene phosphonate composites with simultaneous improvement of flame retardancy and smoke suppression

Wang

2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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A nitrogen-containing metal-organic phosphonate, that is, tin ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonate (TETP) was synthesized, characterized, and then used as the flame-retardant additive in epoxy resin (EP). The flame retardancy, smoke suppression, thermal stability, and mechanical performances of the EP/TETP composites were thoroughly evaluated. It is found that the EP composite with 7.0 wt% of TETP (EP/TETP-7) can pass UL-94 V-0 rating with a high LOI value of 29.5%. Cone calorimeter results show that the peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke release of EP/TETP-7 are decreased by 45.7%, 27.3%, and 37.3%, respectively, compared with pure EP. Besides, the production rates of CO and CO 2 of EP/TETP-7 are reduced remarkably. Thermogravimetric analysis results indicate that the char residue of EP/TETP-7 at 800 C is almost double than that of pure EP. Moreover, the incorporation of TETP has less influence on the mechanical performances and thermal resistance (ie, glass transition temperature) of EP/TETP composites.

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Thermal stability and fire behavior of aluminum diethylphosphinate-epoxy resin nanocomposites

Cited by 13 publications

References 35 publications

Epoxy resin/phosphorus‐based microcapsules: Their synergistic effect on flame retardation properties of high‐density polyethylene/graphene nanoplatelets composites

Epoxy resin/phosphorus‐based microcapsules: Their synergistic effect on flame retardation properties of high‐density polyethylene/graphene nanoplatelets composites

Towards Selection Charts for Epoxy Resin, Unsaturated Polyester Resin and Their Fibre-Fabric Composites with Flame Retardants

Epoxy resin/tin ethylenediamine tetra‐methylene phosphonate composites with simultaneous improvement of flame retardancy and smoke suppression

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