Thermal sensitivity of<i>Clostridium botulinum</i>type C toxin

Hubálek, Zdeněk; Halouzka, Jiří

doi:10.1017/s095026880005425x

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Samples tested by ELISA experienced additional cycles of freezing and thawing, bacterial overgrowth, and prolonged storage. These factors are known to decrease sample quality (Hubalek and Halouzka, 1988;Mei et al, 2001), and in some cases, samples used for ELISA were of inadequate volume (Rocke et al, 1998). Mouse inoculations performed at the NWHC to confirm ELISA results detected toxin in an additional three birds from 2004 and two birds from 2000-03 (data not shown).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Outbreak of Type C Botulism in Herring Gulls (Larus Argentatus) in Southeastern Sweden

Neimanis

Gavier‐Widén

Leighton

et al. 2007

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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From 2000 to 2004, over 10,000 seabirds, primarily Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus), died from an undetermined cause in the Blekinge archipelago in southeastern Sweden. In June 2004, 24 affected Herring Gulls were examined clinically, killed humanely, and 23 were examined by necropsy. Seven and 10 unaffected Herring Gulls collected from a local landfill site and from Iceland, respectively, served as controls. All affected birds showed similar neurologic signs, ranging from mild incoordination and weakness to severe flaccid paralysis of legs and wings, but generally were alert and responsive. All affected gulls were in normal nutritional condition, but were dehydrated and had empty stomachs. No gross or microscopic lesions, and no bacterial or viral pathogens were identified. Type C botulinum toxin was detected in the sera of 11 of 16 (69%) affected gulls by mouse inoculation. Type C botulism was the proximate cause of disease in 2004. Sera from 31% of birds tested from outbreaks in 2000 to 2003 also had detectable type C botulinum toxin by mouse inoculation. No large-scale botulism outbreak has been documented previously in this area. The source of toxin, initiating conditions, and thus, the ultimate cause of this outbreak are not known. This epidemic might signal environmental change in the Baltic Sea.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The possible lower prevalence of detectable toxin in samples from 2000 to 2003 might reflect loss of toxin activity during storage. Hubalek and Halouzka (1988) reported that only 6% of the toxicity of type C botulinum toxin persisted after 5 yr in storage at 220 C.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Outbreak of Type C Botulism in Herring Gulls (Larus Argentatus) in Southeastern Sweden

Neimanis

Gavier‐Widén

Leighton

et al. 2007

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…It is possible that the sELISA was detecting fragments of the toxin complex that are no longer toxic. In addition, Hubálek and Halouzka (1988) demonstrated that BoNT toxicity decreased by 99 per cent after nine hours at 42°C, suggesting that the anaerobic enrichment at 40°C for five days may inactivate some of the toxin produced, leading to a negative result in the mouse bioassay. However, these explanations are somewhat speculative, and a clearer explanation of the false‐positive effect is required to improve the specificity of the assay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of botulism types C and D in cattle by a monoclonal antibody‐based sandwich ELISA

et al. 2011

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This study was undertaken to evaluate two monoclonal antibody-based sandwich ELISAs (sELISAs) for the detection of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) types C and D from culture-enriched intestinal content samples from cattle. To validate the diagnostic significance of the presence of cultivable, toxin-producing C botulinum in the intestines of cattle, samples from both suspect and non-suspect botulism cases were examined. BoNT was detected by both sELISAs in a greater number of suspect animals than by direct testing of uncultured samples by mouse bioassay. One sELISA detected two BoNT C and one BoNT Group III mosaic isoform in three animals that were missed by the other, and both sELISAs failed to identify samples from two mouse bioassay-positive BoNT C animals. BoNT D was also detected in one non-suspect sample by one of the sELISAs.

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“…It is very important to prepare samples such as serum, faecal material and feed as soon as possible for toxin detection, because of the probability of BoNT degradation before analyses. Toxins could be present in a sample at a level below the limit of detection or may have been biodegraded by microbes in the intestinal tract of the animal ( 1 ) or by exposure to high temperatures for long enough to degrade them ( 8 ). Clostridium botulinum spores are not usually present in the alimentary tract of animals; however, their detection in faecal samples collected simultaneously with the observation of botulism symptoms could indicate botulism as a probable cause of disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal botulism in Poland – laboratory and epidemiological investigations

Grenda

Goldsztejn

Kwiatek

et al. 2022

Journal of Veterinary Research

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Introduction The aim of the study was to present cases of botulism in animals found in Poland in 2019–2021. The analytical laboratory diagnosis and difficulties that occurred in the interpretation of the results are described. Material and Methods From 2019 to 2021, samples of serum, intestinal content, liver, spleen, kidney, faeces, wet feed, dry feed, ensilage, water and mixed samples of internal organs associated with 10 suspected animal botulism cases were sent to the National Veterinary Research Institute. Samples were analysed using a mouse bioassay and culture methods in combination with ntnh and bont gene detection. Results Among the ten putative botulism cases, only four (40%) were confirmed in the laboratory on the basis of the detection of botulinum toxin (BoNT) or the ntnh or bont genes. The remaining six (60%) were determined as probable despite observable characteristic clinical signs. Conclusion The diagnosis of botulism in animals is a very difficult task, made so by the heterogeneity of Clostridium botulinum strains and possible loss of toxinogenicity during laboratory processing or the potential degradation of toxins. Laboratory diagnosis is a complex and problematic process which should utilise different prescribed methods for specific types of sample.

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Thermal sensitivity ofClostridium botulinumtype C toxin

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

An Outbreak of Type C Botulism in Herring Gulls (Larus Argentatus) in Southeastern Sweden

An Outbreak of Type C Botulism in Herring Gulls (Larus Argentatus) in Southeastern Sweden

Diagnosis of botulism types C and D in cattle by a monoclonal antibody‐based sandwich ELISA

Animal botulism in Poland – laboratory and epidemiological investigations

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