Thermal runaway and mitigation strategies for electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries using battery cooling approach: A review of the current status and challenges

Chavan, Santosh; Venkateswarlu, B.; Prabakaran, Rajendran; Salman, Mohammad; Joo, Sang Woo; Choi, Gyu Sang; Kim, Sung Chul

doi:10.1016/j.est.2023.108569

Cited by 40 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 238 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Lithium-ion batteries have gained popularity in recent years due to their long lifespan and high energy density [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. They are widely used in electronic products such as smartphones, laptops, and electric vehicles [ 4 , 5 ]. Although significant progress has been made in developing lithium batteries with higher power, higher energy density, and longer life cycles, the demand for higher energy density and longer lifespan is increasing due to the introduction of electric vehicles and the development of high-performance electronic devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Nanostructural Evolution of Bi/C Anode Materials during Their First Charge/Discharge Processes

Zhao,

Cheng,

Wang

et al. 2024

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As a candidate anode material for Li-ion batteries, Bi-based materials have attracted extensive attention from researchers due to their high specific capacity, environmental friendliness, and simple synthesis methods. However, Bi-based anode materials are prone to causing large volume changes during charging and discharging processes, and the effect of these changes on lithium storage performance is still unclear. This work introduces that Bi/C nanocomposites are prepared by the Bi-based MOF precursor calcination method, and that the Bi/C nanocomposite maintains a high specific capacity (931.6 mAh g−1) with good multiplicative performance after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1. The structural evolution of Bi/C anode material during the first cycle of charging and discharging is investigated using in situ synchrotron radiation SAXS. The SAXS results indicate that the multistage scatterers of Bi/C composite, used as an anode material during the first lithiation, can be classified into mesopores, interspaces, and Bi nanoparticles. The different nanostructure evolutions of three types of Bi nanoparticles were observed. It is believed that this result will help to further understand the complex reaction mechanism of Bi-based anode materials in Li-ion batteries.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Nanostructural Evolution of Bi/C Anode Materials during Their First Charge/Discharge Processes

Zhao,

Cheng,

Wang

et al. 2024

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, lithium-ion batteries may release a large amount of heat when working. High temperatures or a large amount of temperature inhomogeneity will damage the battery pack and even cause safety problems [2]. Thus, battery thermal management systems (BTMSs) are essential to quickly dissipate the heat of battery packs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Design of Battery Thermal Management Systems for Improving Cooling Performance and Reducing Pressure Drop

Chen,

Yang,

Chen

et al. 2024

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The air-cooled system is one of the most widely used battery thermal management systems (BTMSs) for the safety of electric vehicles. In this study, an efficient design of air-cooled BTMSs is proposed for improving cooling performance and reducing pressure drop. Combining with a numerical calculation method, a strategy with a varied step length of adjustments (∆d) is developed to optimize the spacing distribution among battery cells for temperature uniformity improvement. The optimization results indicate that the developed strategy reduces the optimization time by about 50% compared with a strategy using identical ∆d values while maintaining good performance of the optimized system. Furthermore, the system’s pressure drop does not increase after the spacing optimization. Based on this characteristic, a structural design strategy is proposed to improve the cooling performance and reduce the pressure drop simultaneously. First, the appropriate flow pattern is arranged and the secondary outlet is added to reduce the pressure drop of the system. The results show that the BTMS with U-type flow combined with a secondary outlet against the original outlet can effectively reduce the pressure drop of the system. Subsequently, this BTMS is further improved using the developed cell spacing optimization strategy with varied ∆d values while the pressure drop is fixed. It is found that the final optimized BTMS achieves a battery temperature difference below 1 K for different inlet airflow rates, with the pressure drop being reduced by at least 45% compared with the BTMS before the optimization.

show abstract

“…However, the increasing capacity and energy density of EV batteries necessitate more advanced cooling solutions. One technology garnering significant attention is the utilization of direct liquid cooling employing dielectric fluids and phase change heat pipes [8,9]. In this context, our study proposes a novel approach utilizing a three-dimensional (3D) pulsating heat pipe (PHP) for battery cell cooling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Gravity 3D Pulsating Heat Pipe for Cooling Electric Vehicle Batteries

Lee,

Kim,

Han

et al. 2024

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study proposes an anti-gravity 3D pulsating heat pipe (PHP) for cooling pouch batteries in electric vehicles. The 3D PHP envelops the battery cells and rapidly transfers heat generated from the batteries to the bottom cold plate. While the batteries generate heat on their frontal surface during charging and discharging, structural characteristics lead to localized heat accumulation at the electrode lead tabs. Therefore, to address frontal heating, Pattern A with a consistent height for the 3D PHP and Pattern B with varying heights to enhance heat transfer in the localized heating area were designed. The target application involved creating a battery simulator for 340 × 100 mm pouch battery cells, considering the battery’s heat generation characteristics. The experiments for the thermal characteristics were conducted, considering factors such as the working fluid (methanol, Novec7100), filling ratio, supplied heat, and orientation. Additionally, to observe internal flow mechanisms, a special experimental apparatus was used, employing transparent fluorine rubber tubes to observe the flow mechanism of the 3D PHP. In the results of the thermal characteristics, the optimal filling ratio was 15% when heat generation levels of 50 W and 100 W were supplied and 20% when 150 W was supplied. The impact of orientation yielded varied results depending on the pattern and working fluid, attributed to the complex interplay of flow momentum due to orientation changes and the influence of the working fluid’s buoyancy under anti-gravity conditions. Pattern B, designed with the goal of applying a localized heat model, exhibited relatively decreased heat transfer performance in areas with varying heights. As the distance from the varying height portion increased, temperature oscillations and heat transfer became more active. These results suggest that variations in the shape of the 3D PHP could be a primary design variable for crafting localized heat models. Observations of internal flow revealed that the 3D PHP, with its unique shape and operation under anti-gravity conditions, exhibits longer and more irregular cycles compared to gravity-assist PHPs, transferring heat through rapid oscillations of internal working fluid liquid/vapor slug/plug. The potential of 3D PHPs for cooling electric vehicle batteries is suggested by these findings, and further experimentation is planned to evaluate the optimal design and applicability.

show abstract

Thermal runaway and mitigation strategies for electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries using battery cooling approach: A review of the current status and challenges

Cited by 40 publications

References 238 publications

A Study on the Nanostructural Evolution of Bi/C Anode Materials during Their First Charge/Discharge Processes

A Study on the Nanostructural Evolution of Bi/C Anode Materials during Their First Charge/Discharge Processes

Efficient Design of Battery Thermal Management Systems for Improving Cooling Performance and Reducing Pressure Drop

Anti-Gravity 3D Pulsating Heat Pipe for Cooling Electric Vehicle Batteries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About