Thermal-responsive, super-strong, ultrathin firewalls for quenching thermal runaway in high-energy battery modules

Li, Lei; Xu, Chang; Chang, Rong Seng; Yang, Chong; Jia, Chao; Wang, Li; Song, Jianan; Li, Ziwei; Zhang, Fangshu; Ben, Fang; Wei, Xiaoding; Wang, Huaibin; Wu, Qiong; Chen, Zhaofeng; He, Xiangming; Feng, Xuning; Wu, Hui; Ouyang, Minggao

doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2021.05.018

Cited by 92 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The recoverable strain is notably higher than previously reported values for ceramic nanofibrous aerogels, which tops out at 80% (refs. 13,14,31,[39][40][41][42][43] ). The ZAGs could be repeatedly compressed at 50% strain for 1,000 cycles with little stress degradation, less than 7%.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypocrystalline ceramic aerogels for thermal insulation at extreme conditions

Guo

Deng

et al. 2022

Nature

145

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Thermal insulation under extreme conditions requires materials that can withstand complex thermomechanical stress and retain excellent thermal insulation properties at temperatures exceeding 1,000 degrees Celsius1–3. Ceramic aerogels are attractive thermal insulating materials; however, at very high temperatures, they often show considerably increased thermal conductivity and limited thermomechanical stability that can lead to catastrophic failure4–6. Here we report a multiscale design of hypocrystalline zircon nanofibrous aerogels with a zig-zag architecture that leads to exceptional thermomechanical stability and ultralow thermal conductivity at high temperatures. The aerogels show a near-zero Poisson’s ratio (3.3 × 10−4) and a near-zero thermal expansion coefficient (1.2 × 10−7 per degree Celsius), which ensures excellent structural flexibility and thermomechanical properties. They show high thermal stability with ultralow strength degradation (less than 1 per cent) after sharp thermal shocks, and a high working temperature (up to 1,300 degrees Celsius). By deliberately entrapping residue carbon species in the constituent hypocrystalline zircon fibres, we substantially reduce the thermal radiation heat transfer and achieve one of the lowest high-temperature thermal conductivities among ceramic aerogels so far—104 milliwatts per metre per kelvin at 1,000 degrees Celsius. The combined thermomechanical and thermal insulating properties offer an attractive material system for robust thermal insulation under extreme conditions.

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Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypocrystalline ceramic aerogels for thermal insulation at extreme conditions

Guo

Deng

et al. 2022

Nature

145

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“…23,24 Highly flexible ZrO 2 −SiO 2 nanobelt sponge matrices were massively produced using an industrial solutionblow-spinning (SBS) method, which can match the complex battery shapes and ensure the structure stability after extrusion. 17 The PNP hydrogels were firmly coupled with the ceramic nanobelts via dynamic and multivalent electrostatic interactions. The ceramic−hydrogel dual-component design endows the energy storage devices with dynamic protection performance and much higher security during operation.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Numerous approaches have been investigated aiming to delay or even prevent cell-to-cell TR propagation in LIB packs, including the use of built-in fire-extinguishing agents, , the implementation of thermal insulators (firewalls) between cells, − and the optimal design of the spatial distribution and vent valves. The above strategies were used to mitigate battery thermal safety at a specific level but are limited in comprehensively handling full-lifecycle thermal issues.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal-Switchable, Trifunctional Ceramic–Hydrogel Nanocomposites Enable Full-Lifecycle Security in Practical Battery Systems

Ben

Ren

et al. 2022

ACS Nano

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Thermal runaway (TR) failures of large-format lithium-ion battery systems related to fires and explosions have become a growing concern. Here, we design a smart ceramic–hydrogel nanocomposite that provides integrated thermal management, cooling, and fire insulation functionalities and enables full-lifecycle security. The glass–ceramic nanobelt sponges exhibit high mechanical flexibility with 80% reversible compressibility and high fatigue resistance, which can firmly couple with the polymer–nanoparticle hydrogels and form thermal-switchable nanocomposites. In the operating mode, the high enthalpy of the nanocomposites enables efficient thermal management, thereby preventing local temperature spikes and overheating under extremely fast charging conditions. In the case of mechanical or thermal abuse, the stored water can be immediately released, leaving behind a highly flexible ceramic matrix with low thermal conductivity (42 mW m–1 K–1 at 200 °C) and high-temperature resistance (up to 1300 °C), thus effectively cooling the TR battery and alleviating the devastating TR propagation. The versatility, self-adaptivity, environmental friendliness, and manufacturing scalability make this material highly attractive for practical safety assurance applications.

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“…An ultrathin smart firewall concept was proposed for stopping thermal runaway propagation, using nonflammable phase change materials and flexible silica nanofiber mats. This smart firewall has multiple functions (including cooling, fire extinguishing, and thermal insulation) 62 . Besides, optimized structures are gradually being developed to strengthen heat dissipation in the thermal runaway process 63 .…”

Section: Lithium‐ion Batterymentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal safety and thermal management of batteries

Rao

Lyu

et al. 2022

Battery Energy

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Electrochemical energy storage is one of the critical technologies for energy storage, which is important for high-efficiency utilization of renewable energy and reducing carbon emissions. In addition to the higher energy density requirements, safety is also an essential factor for developing electrochemical energy storage technologies. Lithium-ion batteries (Li-ion batteries) are commercialized as power batteries in electric vehicles (EVs) because of their advantages (such as high energy density, long life span, etc.), while for future electrochemical energy storage markets, lithium-sulfur (Li-S) and lithium-air (Li-air) batteries can be promising candidates for high energy density requirements. Therefore, this paper summarizes the present or potential thermal hazard issues of lithium batteries (Li-ion, Li-S, and Li-air batteries).Moreover, the corresponding solutions are proposed to further improve the thermal safety performance of electrochemical energy storage technologies.

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Thermal-responsive, super-strong, ultrathin firewalls for quenching thermal runaway in high-energy battery modules

Cited by 92 publications

References 51 publications

Hypocrystalline ceramic aerogels for thermal insulation at extreme conditions

Hypocrystalline ceramic aerogels for thermal insulation at extreme conditions

Thermal-Switchable, Trifunctional Ceramic–Hydrogel Nanocomposites Enable Full-Lifecycle Security in Practical Battery Systems

Thermal safety and thermal management of batteries

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