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Electrochemical energy storage is one of the critical technologies for energy storage, which is important for high-efficiency utilization of renewable energy and reducing carbon emissions. In addition to the higher energy density requirements, safety is also an essential factor for developing electrochemical energy storage technologies. Lithium-ion batteries (Li-ion batteries) are commercialized as power batteries in electric vehicles (EVs) because of their advantages (such as high energy density, long life span, etc.), while for future electrochemical energy storage markets, lithium-sulfur (Li-S) and lithium-air (Li-air) batteries can be promising candidates for high energy density requirements. Therefore, this paper summarizes the present or potential thermal hazard issues of lithium batteries (Li-ion, Li-S, and Li-air batteries).Moreover, the corresponding solutions are proposed to further improve the thermal safety performance of electrochemical energy storage technologies.

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