Thermal rating assessment of overhead lines by Affine Arithmetic

Vulnerability assessment of the power grid against progressing wildfires

“…air density, viscosity and thermal conductivity, and wind direction factor) were determined, and DTR of the transmission line was calculated from the fuzzy version of (2). In [10], a DTR model based on affine arithmetic (AA) is proposed, which solves both the steady-state and transient forms of thermal balance equation and uses AA to estimate the uncertainty interdependencies of weather-and conductor-associated parameters as well as the diversity of uncertainty sources.…”

Adaptive relays for overhead line protection

“…Nevertheless, the used worst case approach appears inadequate in a liberalized energy market characterized by a high competitiveness [8]. As consequence, in [9], in order to predict the thermal behaviour on short and long time horizons, also in the presence of data uncertainties, an interesting approach, based on the use Affine Arithmetic, is proposed. An adaptive protection system for distribution lines is presented in this paper.…”

Computational intelligence applications to crisis management in power systems

“…It results in de-energizing both substations, F and E. All devices that operated in emergency E 18 are shown in Table 5. R27 R46 R32 R56 R19 R49 R13 R28 R40 R43 CB134 CB77 CB82 CB102 CB42 CB88 CB66 CB28 16 illustrates a situation when the system cannot identify emergency E 16 . This emergency is caused by two failed devices CB77 and CB42.…”

“…The permissible time for clearing an overload can be obtained using the data provided in loading guides [14], calculated, e.g. [9,15,16], or employing intelligent systems as it was discussed above.…”