Thermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass

Yan, Wei; Acharjee, Tapas C.; Coronella, Charles J.; Vásquez, Victor R.

doi:10.1002/ep.10385

Cited by 407 publications

(244 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The thermal pretreatment, which mainly refers to the torrefaction process, can be divided into a dry and wet (hydrothermal) torrefaction (Yan et al, 2009). Table 3 gives different characteristics of the wet and dry torrefaction.…”

Section: Thermalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The torrefaction of biomass destructs the tenacity and fibrous structure of the biomass, and also increases its energy density. Numerous studies concluded that the torrefied biomass can avoid many limitations associated with the raw biomass because it produces moisture free hydrophobic solid products (Acharjee et al, 2011), decreases O/C ratio , reduces grinding energy (Repellin et al, 2010;Phanphanich and Mani, 2011), enhances energy density (Yan et al, 2009), increases bulk density and simplifies storage and transportation (Bergman, 2005;Phanphanich and Mani, 2011), improves particle size distribution (Phanphanich and Mani, 2011), intensifies combustion with less smoke (Pentananunt et al,1990), shifts combustion zone to the high temperature zone in a gasifier (Ge et al, 2013), and increases the resistance to the biological decay (Chaouch et al, 2010). Many of these improvements make the torrefied biomass more suitable than the raw biomass for co-firing in the conventional coal power plants, with minor modifications (Clausen et al, 2010).…”

Section: Motivations For Torrefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comprehensive Review on Biomass Torrefaction

Nhuchhen¹,

Basu²,

Acharya³

2014

IJREB

170

143

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Biomass is a versatile energy resource that could be used as a sustainable energy resource in solid, liquid and gaseous form of energy sources. Torrefaction is an emerging thermal biomass pretreatment method that has an ability to reduce the major limitations of biomass such as heterogeneity, lower bulk density, lower energy density, hygroscopic behavior, and fibrous nature. Torrefaction, aiming to produce high quality solid biomass products, is carried out at 200-300 °C in an inert environment at an atmospheric pressure. The removal of volatiles through different decomposition reactions is the basic principle behind the torrefaction process. Torrefaction upgrades biomass quality and alters the combustion behavior, which can be efficiently used in the co-firing power plant. This paper presents a comprehensive review on torrefaction of biomass and their characteristics. Despite of the number of advantages, torrefaction is motivated mainly for thermochemical conversion process because of its ability to increase hydrophobicity, grindability and energy density of biomass. In addition to this, torrefied biomass could be used to replace coal in the metallurgical process, and promoted as an alternative of charcoal.

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Section: Thermalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Motivations For Torrefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Biomass Torrefaction

Nhuchhen¹,

Basu²,

Acharya³

2014

IJREB

170

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cross-links are formed when hydroxyl groups are removed during dehydration reactions. Adjacent cross-links form stable compounds that appear as lignin in the fibre analysis; therefore, the degree of cross-linking can be determined by the increase in acid insoluble fibres during biomass hydrolysis [47,49].…”

Section: Torrefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of demineralisation and torrefaction to improve the properties of biomass intended as a feedstock for fast pyrolysis

Wigley

Yip

Pang

2015

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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Pre-treatments of biomass were investigated to reduce its undesirable properties which may affect the quality of fast pyrolysis bio-oil. A pre-treatment sequence was developed in this study to incorporate both biomass demineralisation and torrefaction. Demineralisation was performed by dilute acid leaching, primarily to reduce the inorganic concentration in raw biomass, whereas torrefaction targeted a reduction of the carboxyl, moisture and oxygen content. The liquid produced during torrefaction was recycled back as the leaching reagent for demineralisation. This solution contained dilute organic acids; therefore, the viability of leaching with organic acids (acetic and formic acid) compared to commonly used mineral acids (sulphuric, nitric and hydrochloric acid) was validated. Synthetic leaching solutions reduced the inorganic content in raw biomass from 0.41 wt% to 0.14 wt% when leached with 1% formic acid and to 0.16 wt% when leached with 1% acetic acid, which was comparable to leaching with the mineral acids. Recycled torrefaction liquid that contained other acidic compounds in small quantities reduced the inorganic content to 0.14 wt%, suggesting it is effective to use the recycled torrefaction liquid as the leaching solution. From the experimental results, the optimal conditions for biomass torrefaction were 260 °C for 20 min to minimise the char formation during pyrolysis, based on the increase in the acid-insoluble fraction of the biomass. However, the torrefaction temperature may be increased to 280 °C if further reductions in acetyl and oxygen content are required. Higher temperatures are associated with severe biomass loss and the initiation of hydrogen loss. It should be noted that even at 280 °C, the oxygen reduction is minimal. If oxygen reduction is the principal target when pre-treating biomass, it is suggested that torrefaction alone is not a suitable method to obtain bio-oil with a low oxygen content due to the low pyrolysis yields obtainable. This study demonstrated that the combined use of demineralisation and torrefaction as biomass pre-treatments has the ability to decrease the inorganic, acetyl and moisture content of biomass, which reduces undesirable catalytic reactions during fast pyrolysis to improve the quality of bio-oil produced.

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“…Adicionalmente, o briquete é convertido em um combustível com maior poder calorífico, menor teor de materiais voláteis, maior teor de carbono fixo, uniformidade em forma e tamanho, menor relação O/C e baixa umidade (Shafizadeh, 1985;Felfli et al, 2005;Prins et al, 2006;Yan et al, 2009;Chen et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Torrefação e carbonização de briquetes de resíduos do processamento dos grãos de café

Protásio

Bufalino

Mendes

et al. 2012

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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R ESU M OObjetivou-se, nesse trabalho, avaliar os briquetes dos resíduos do processamento dos grãos de café submetidos aos processos de carbonização e torrefação. Os briquetes foram carbonizados utilizandose taxa de aquecimento de 1,67 ºC min -1 com temperatura inicial de 50 ºC e final de 450 ºC, por 30 min. A torrefação dos briquetes foi realizada em uma mufla em duas taxas de aquecimento: 1,5 e 3,0 ºC min -1 até 250 ºC, temperatura mantida durante 60 min. Foram determinados os rendimentos em briquetes torrificados e carbonizados, em líquido pirolenhoso, em gases não condensáveis e em carbono fixo. Para todos os briquetes foram quantificados os teores de carbono fixo, cinzas, voláteis, dos componentes elementares (C, H, N, S, O), o poder calorífico superior, a densidade aparente e energética e a resistência à compressão diametral. Os briquetes carbonizados apresentaram maior potencial energético devido aos elevados teores de carbono fixo e elementar e poder calorífico, porém baixa resistência mecânica. Os briquetes torrificados nas duas taxas de aquecimento consideradas apresentaram características e propriedades energéticas semelhantes mas densidade energética inferior em relação aos briquetes carbonizados e in natura. Palavras-chave: carbono, pirólise, energia, tratamento térmicoTorrefaction and carbonization of briquettes made with residues from coffee grain A B ST R A C T This research aimed to evaluate the briquettes made with residues from processing of coffee grain submitted to carbonization and torrefaction. The briquettes were carbonized at a heating rate of 1.67 ºC min -1 with initial temperature of 50 ºC and final of 450 ºC, which was kept during 30 min. The torrefaction of the briquettes was made in a muffle furnace at two heating rates: 1.5 and 3.0 ºC min -1 until 250 ºC, temperature kept during 60 min. The yields in torrefied and carbonized briquettes, pyroligneous liquor, non-condensable gases and fixed carbon were determined. For all briquettes the fixed carbon, ash, volatile and elemental components (C, H, N, S, O) contents and higher heating value, apparent and energetic density and resistance to diametric compression were quantified. The carbonized briquette presented high energetic potential due to higher fixed and elemental carbon content and heating value, but had low mechanical resistance. The briquettes torrified at the two considered heating rates presented similar energetic properties and characteristics, but lower energetic density than carbonized and fresh briquettes.

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Thermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass

Cited by 407 publications

References 15 publications

A Comprehensive Review on Biomass Torrefaction

A Comprehensive Review on Biomass Torrefaction

The use of demineralisation and torrefaction to improve the properties of biomass intended as a feedstock for fast pyrolysis

Torrefação e carbonização de briquetes de resíduos do processamento dos grãos de café

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