Thermal Plasma Vitrification of MSWI Fly Ash Mixed With Different Biomass Ashes

Plasma technology for lignocellulosic biomass conversion toward an electrified biorefinery

“…326–328 Besides, a DC double anode plasma torch has been specifically designed for vitrification. 324,329 This novel configuration enhanced the plasma aerodynamic stability and jet elongation and allowed for high energy density plasmas ignition at relatively low current intensities. 329 The use of a DC double anode possibly extended the reactor lifetime.…”

“…Vitrification has hardly been applied for raw biomass residue treatment, due to the absence of considerable toxic and hazardous compounds load. Only Huang et al 324 mixed biomass ashes with municipal solid waste (MSW) to control the melting and reduce the vitrification energy cost.…”

“…Vitrification is a very high temperature ( post)treatment process used to treat toxic and hazardous biomass wastes or residues, such as fly ash, from municipal wastes incinerators. The very high operating temperatures (up to 10 000 °C) 323,324 attained at inert conditions (Ar or N 2 used as plasma agents) promote inorganic material melting, resulting in hazardous metals binding into a non-leaching ceramic matrix (silicate). 240 The stabilized and immobilized hazardous substances, including heavy metals and dioxins, are safely landfilled or used as construction material.…”

A new approach for the vitrification of municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash by microwave irradiation

“…Further increasing the energy input up to 8600 kJ/kg allowed to increase the VBA yield up to a maximum of 86%, implying that the absence of thermal insulation material around the quartz tube and the surrounding cold inherent environment of the cavity hindered complete vitrification of the complete powder bed due to the axial and radial thermal gradients (as explained in depth in section 3.2). For comparison, an energy consumption of 2600 kJ/kg was reported for MSWI fly ash vitrification by thermal plasma melting (Huang et al, 2014).…”