Thermal Performance of Space Suit Elements with Aerogel Insulation for Moon and Mars Exploration

Tang, Henry H.; Orndoff, Evelyne; Trevino, Luis

doi:10.4271/2006-01-2235

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface areas also depend on backbone chemistry and range from 150 to 953 m 2 /g. ,,− For example, 3,3′-dimethylbenzidine (DMBZ)-derived aerogels have higher surface area than 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA)-derived aerogels, independent of the cross-linker. In addition, though modulus does increase when density increases, aerogels with stiffer backbone chemistry have higher modulus than those with a more flexible backbone, when compared at the same density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Polyimide Aerogels with Dodecane Links in the Backbone Structure

Guo

Meador

Cashman

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Polyimide aerogels using 1,12-dodecyldiamine (DADD), 3,3′-dimethylbenzidine (DMBZ), and 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) and cross linked using 1,3,5-triaminophenoxybenzene (TAB) were synthesized. Substitution of the aromatic diamine, DMBZ, with varying amounts of the aliphatic diamine, DADD, increases the flexibility in the backbone structure of the prepared aerogel. These aerogels are also lightweight, low density, have a low dielectric constant, and high modulus. Their overall properties (density, shrinkage, porosity, dielectric constant, water uptake, and modulus) and potential use as a conformal substrate for lightweight, high-performance antennas are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Polyimide Aerogels with Dodecane Links in the Backbone Structure

Guo

Meador

Cashman

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…NASA was the first to use pure aerogel patches for thermal insulation of space suits [5]. The use of silicon aerogel blankets for thermal insulation of clothing with up to ten times better thermal insulation properties in comparison to classic insulative materials should enable a much thinner insulative material for clothing to protect a human body in extreme temperature environments.…”

Section: Figure 1 Scheme Of Preparing a Silica Aerogel Blanket [3]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Textile Technological Properties of Laminated Silica Aerogel Blanket

Prevolnik

Zrim

Rijavec

2014

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Silica aerogel blankets made from silica aerogel integrated into non-woven fabrics are superinsulative thin materials that can be also used in technical textiles and clothing. Textile technological properties of silica aerogel blanket laminated with a water vapour permeable membrane and polyester warp knitted fabric were studied. The five layers laminate had good mechanical properties, and was resistant to rubbing, was water vapour permeable, hydrophobic and oleophilic material with good thermal insulation. Laminated material is a little too heavy to be used as clothing and also a little rigid. Silica aerogel is prone to crushing during use. The laminate will be softer and more flexible after being used for a certain time. Analysed laminated silica aerogel blanket is suitable for technical textiles, such as sleeping bags, flexible protective covers such as outdoor pillows, wheelchairs pillows for winter conditions, for personal protective garments, etc.

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“…al. studied the mechanical and thermal performance of fiber-reinforced silica aerogel in a possible future spacesuit for space exploration[15]. A mechanical durability study was performed on five different fiber-reinforced silica aerogel composites (FSACF), which contained different types of aerogel, thicknesses, and additives.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All samples were relatively intact after 250,000 cycles, although various dusting, or breakdown of the silica aerogel matrix, was present in the samples. The highest-performing sample retained 80% of its insulation value after all completed test cycles, all samples remained below the 5 mW/m-K target in a -30 ºC environment, even after 250,000 cycles[15]. Thermal testing involved using a guarded hot-plate, which follows ASTM Method C0177[16].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermal testing involved using a guarded hot-plate, which follows ASTM Method C0177[16]. It is interesting to note that testing at high vacuum pressures that are observed on the moon's atmosphere (10E-5 Torr), thermal conductivity values remained unchanged after 250,000 cycles, yet at Mars pressure (8 Torr), the highest performing sample experienced a 19% increase in thermal conductivity[15].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of Aerogel on the Thermal Performance of Corrugated Composite Sandwich Structures

Chess¹

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Effect of Aerogel on the Thermal Performance of Corrugated Composite Sandwich Structures Jacob Dillon Chess Current insulation solutions across multiple industries, especially the commercial sector, can be bulky and ineffective when considering their volume. Aerogels are excellent insulators, exhibiting low thermal conductivities and low densities with a porosity of around 95%. Such characteristics make aerogels effective in decreasing conductive heat transfer within a solid. These requirements are crucial for aerospace and spaceflight applications, where sensitive components exist among extreme temperature environments. When implemented into insulation applications, aerogel can perform better than existing technology while using less material, which limits the amount of volume allocated for insulation. The application of these materials into composites can result in enhancing a material's thermal and mechanical properties when exposed to mechanical testing. The main objective of this study was to perform theoretical and experimental analysis on a corrugated composite sandwich structure integrated with aerogel insulation by studying its effective thermal conductivity. The aerogel material used was Pyrogel XT-E, a silica aerogelbased fiberglass insulation manufactured by Aspen Aerogels. Theoretical models of the corrugated composite sandwich structure were constructed in ANSYS Workbench based on geometry from a previous study. The main goal of the theoretical models was to analytically and computationally study the effective thermal conductivity of this sample; the conditions of these simulations were modeled after the experimental setup. Additionally, two insulation studies were performed using the thermal models. The first study was performed on a flat plate structure to v determine the optimal thickness of Pyrogel XT-E in a flat plate orientation. The second study compared multiple types of common insulation materials to Pyrogel XT-E when integrated into the corrugated composite sandwich structure model. As expected, aerogel particles and Pyrogel XT-E outperformed all insulation materials and had the lowest effective thermal conductivity. Experimental data was obtained using a test enclosure and a heating element source with an integrated temperature control circuit that was designed and built for this study. This experimental data was compared to the theoretical data obtained from the thermal model simulations. The corrugated composite sandwich structure did not perform as well as expected due to thermal bridging along the composite corrugation. Its effective thermal conductivity was much higher than that of the flat plate structure, even though the effective Pyrogel XT-E layer in the corrugated composite sandwich structure was more than twice as thick as the layer in the flat plate structure. Despite thermal bridging, the corrugated composite sandwich structure exhibits superb thermal resistance, which adds to its impressive strength. Thermal conductivity results from this study can be used to design efficien...

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Thermal Performance of Space Suit Elements with Aerogel Insulation for Moon and Mars Exploration

Cited by 14 publications

References 1 publication

Flexible Polyimide Aerogels with Dodecane Links in the Backbone Structure

Flexible Polyimide Aerogels with Dodecane Links in the Backbone Structure

Textile Technological Properties of Laminated Silica Aerogel Blanket

Effect of Aerogel on the Thermal Performance of Corrugated Composite Sandwich Structures

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