Thermal oxidation of dieldrin and concomitant formation of toxic products including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F)

Dharmarathne, Nirmala K.; Mackie, John C.; Kennedy, Eric M.; Stockenhuber, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…It is very likely that the first critical step is a retro Diels-Alder reaction to result in norbornadiene oxide and hexachloropentadiene (HEX). Norbornadiene oxide can rearrange to benzene and CO, as shown [20]. At these temperatures, the addition of water to the highly reactive HEX should easily lead to tetrachlorocyclopentadienone [21], which can undergo a series of addition/elimination reactions with water (or hydroxyl radical) to form a series of highly polar (and almost certainly water soluble) compounds.…”

Section: Degradation and Extraction Of Pbt Compounds From Sand 241 Di...mentioning

confidence: 90%

Degradation and Extraction of Organochlorine Pollutants from Environmental Solids under Subcritical Water Conditions

2023

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A subcritical water degradation and extraction method was developed to remediate environmental soils contaminated by highly recalcitrant organochlorine pollutants. Hydrogen peroxide was used to effectively decompose organochlorine pollutants under subcritical water conditions. As a method optimization study, the static wet oxidation of chlorophenols was first performed in subcritical water with and without added hydrogen peroxide. Complete oxidation was achieved using an added oxidant, and thus, the oxidation and extraction of chlorophenols from a sand matrix was then attempted. Complete oxidation and extraction with added oxidant were achieved within 30 min at 100 °C. We then investigated the subcritical water degradation and extraction of dieldrin, mirex, and p,p′-DDD. These organochlorine pesticides were not as easily oxidized as the chlorophenols, and the benefit of adding hydrogen peroxide was only clearly observed at 200 °C. Approximately a 20% increase in degradation was noted for each pesticide and insecticide at this temperature. Unfortunately, this difference was not observed with an increase in temperature to 250 °C, except in some cases, where the amount of degradation byproducts was reduced. Dieldrin and p,p′-DDD were essentially destroyed at 250 °C, while all the pesticides and the insecticides were completely removed from the sand at this temperature. The proposed method was then used to remediate a soil sample highly contaminated with DDT. The soil was obtained from the grounds of an old DDT mixing facility in Virginia and has been aging for several decades. Not only was 100% removal of DDT from this soil achieved using the proposed method at 250 °C, but also, the extracted DDT was completely destroyed during the process. The proposed remediation method, therefore, demonstrates a high potential as an efficient and environmentally sound technique for the detoxification of soils.

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Section: Degradation and Extraction Of Pbt Compounds From Sand 241 Di...mentioning

confidence: 90%

Degradation and Extraction of Organochlorine Pollutants from Environmental Solids under Subcritical Water Conditions

2023

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“…Under the irradiation of a xenon lamp below 290 nm, aldrin reacts with α-diketones such as glyoxal, phenylglyoxal, methyl glyoxal, diacetyl, 1-phenyl-1, 2-malondione, and phenyl to form the corresponding epoxide compound, dieldrin ( Nojima and Isogami, 1993 ). After gas phase thermal decomposition and toxic combustion, the pyrolysis of dieldrin yields chlorinated benzene and chlorinated phenols, known as precursors of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo-furans ( Dharmarathne et al, 2019 ). The non-pathogenic bacterium Shevanella oneidensis does not directly degrade dieldrin, but can efficiently reduce about 80% of dissolved ferric iron (Fe 3+ ) to ferrous iron (Fe 2+ ) within 72 h. The effective removal time of many organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) is greatly reduced by the catalysis of ferrous iron (Fe 2+ ).…”

Section: Degradation Of Aldrin and Dieldrinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Degradation of Aldrin and Dieldrin: Mechanisms and Biochemical Pathways

Pang

Lin

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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As members of the organochlorine group of insecticides, aldrin and dieldrin are effective at protecting agriculture from insect pests. However, because of excessive use and a long half-life, they have contributed to the major pollution of the water/soil environments. Aldrin and dieldrin have been reported to be highly toxic to humans and other non-target organisms, and so their use has gradually been banned worldwide. Various methods have been tried to remove them from the environment, including xenon lamps, combustion, ion conversion, and microbial degradation. Microbial degradation is considered the most promising treatment method because of its advantages of economy, environmental protection, and convenience. To date, a few aldrin/dieldrin-degrading microorganisms have been isolated and identified, including Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma viride, Pleurotus ostreatus, Mucor racemosus, Burkholderia sp., Cupriavidus sp., Pseudonocardia sp., and a community of anaerobic microorganisms. Many aldrin/dieldrin resistance genes have been identified from insects and microorganisms, such as Rdl, bph, HCo-LGC-38, S2-RDLA302S, CSRDL1A, CSRDL2S, HaRdl-1, and HaRdl-2. Aldrin degradation includes three pathways: the oxidation pathway, the reduction pathway, and the hydroxylation pathway, with dieldrin as a major metabolite. Degradation of dieldrin includes four pathways: oxidation, reduction, hydroxylation, and hydrolysis, with 9-hydroxydieldrin and dihydroxydieldrin as major products. Many studies have investigated the toxicity and degradation of aldrin/dieldrin. However, few reviews have focused on the microbial degradation and biochemical mechanisms of aldrin/dieldrin. In this review paper, the microbial degradation and degradation mechanisms of aldrin/dieldrin are summarized in order to provide a theoretical and practical basis for the bioremediation of aldrin/dieldrin-polluted environment.

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“…With the fast growth of the economy and rapid expansion of factories, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pollution caused by various industrial activities has become an increasingly important issue in environmental science. Numerous techniques have been widely used to remove VOCs from waste gas streams, such as adsorption, thermal oxidation, catalysis, , and photocatalysis . However, these traditional VOCs treatment methods have economic and technical limitations, especially when dealing with low concentrations of VOCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Oxide-BiOCl Nanoparticle Composites as Catalysts for Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds in Nonthermal Plasmas

Song

Bai

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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The construction of a nonthermal plasma (NTP)-catalysts system is an efficient strategy for purifying organic waste gas. Up to now, developing stable, efficient, and environmental-friendly catalysts for NTP facility was still a challenge. Here, we present a novel graphene oxide (GO)-BiOCl nanocomposite as a nanocatalyst applied in a NTP system for the degradation of acetone. It is found that the selective crystal orientation deposition of BiOCl(001) on GO can greatly enhance the oxidation rate to 89.94%. Three effects contribute to this high catalytic activity: (1) BiOCl nanosheets boost strong attenuation capability for high-energy electrons; hence, they may be an excellent complement for utilizing abundant of energetic electrons offered by NTP. ( 2) GO works as a bridge to accelerate the migration of excited electrons and reduce the probability of quenching. (3) The interface design of GO-BiOCl(001) ensures the maximum electron-transfer kinetics by increasing the transfer rate and shortening the migration distance. This work provides important insights for exploiting effective catalysts for NTP system and promoting the performance of the whole system for environmental remediation.

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Thermal oxidation of dieldrin and concomitant formation of toxic products including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F)

Cited by 6 publications

References 41 publications

Degradation and Extraction of Organochlorine Pollutants from Environmental Solids under Subcritical Water Conditions

Degradation and Extraction of Organochlorine Pollutants from Environmental Solids under Subcritical Water Conditions

Microbial Degradation of Aldrin and Dieldrin: Mechanisms and Biochemical Pathways

Graphene Oxide-BiOCl Nanoparticle Composites as Catalysts for Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds in Nonthermal Plasmas

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