Thermal Modification of Air Moving Over Melting Snow Surfaces

Takahara, Hiroshi; Hlguchi, Keiji

doi:10.3189/1985aog6-1-235-237

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Shallower forest snow may also have a lower albedo . Shook and Gray (1997), Takahara and Higuchi (1985) and Weisman (1977) demonstrated that the contribution of additional advected energy from snow-free surfaces during snowmelt decreases with distance from the snowcover edge. If it is presumed that SWE increases with distance from trunks, then either radiation or advection from trunks or bare ground surrounding trunks could produce an inverse association between SWE and melt energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of covariance between ablation and snow water equivalent on depletion of snow-covered area in a forest

2000

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The in¯uence of the spatial distribution of snow water equivalent and covariance between spatial distributions of ablation and snow water equivalent on depletion of snowcover was investigated in the boreal forest of central Saskatchewan, Canada. Changes in the spatial distributions of snow water equivalent were measured before and during melt in ®ve stands, ranked by canopy density as: black spruce, jack pine, mixed wood, burned and recent clear-cut. The pre-melt frequency distribution of snow water equivalent within forest stands was found to ®t a lognormal distribution. Higher variability in snow water equivalent resulted in earlier exposure of ground under spatially uniform melt simulations, con®rming the previous ®ndings of others for open environments. The spatial distribution of daily ablation within stands was found, however, to be correlated inversely to the distribution of snow water equivalent. This negative covariance between snow water equivalent and ablation further accelerated snow cover depletion. The combined acceleration as a result of variance of snow water equivalent and covariance with ablation was greatest in mixed-wood stands and smallest in burned and spruce stands. Simulations that included the within-stand covariance of ablation and snow water equivalent showed improved ®t with measured data over those that only considered the eect of the distribution of snow water equivalent on snow-cover depletion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of covariance between ablation and snow water equivalent on depletion of snow-covered area in a forest

2000

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“…This process is inhibited as soon as snowfalls are sufficiently intense to deposit a layer thick enough (around 0.10 m) to totally cover the ground. Investigations such as those by Takahara and Higuchi (1985) and Granger et al (2006) provide insight into the thermal modification of the air over melting patchy snow, and Essery et al (2006) present a simple model for advection of heat over snow and soil patches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melting of Snow Cover in a Tropical Mountain Environment in Bolivia: Processes and Modeling

Lejeune

Bouilloud

Etchevers

et al. 2007

Journal of Hydrometeorology

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International audienceTo determine the physical processes involved in the melting and disappearance of transient snow cover in nonglacierized tropical areas, the CROCUS snow model, interactions between Soil–Biosphere–Atmosphere (ISBA) land surface model, and coupled ISBA/CROCUS model have been applied to a full set of meteorological data recorded at 4795 m MSL on a moraine area in Bolivia (16°17′S, 68°32′W) between 14 May 2002 and 15 July 2003. The models have been adapted to tropical conditions, in particular the high level of incident solar radiation throughout the year. As long as a suitable function is included to represent the mosaic partitioning of the surface between snow cover and bare ground and local fresh snow grain type (as graupel) is adapted, the ISBA and ISBA/CROCUS models can accurately simulate snow behavior over nonglacierized natural surfaces in the Tropics. Incident solar radiation is responsible for efficient melting of the snow surface (favored by fresh snow albedo values usually not exceeding 0.8) and also for the energy stored in snow-free areas (albedo = 0.18) and transferred horizontally to adjacent snow patches. These horizontal energy transfers (by conduction within the upper soil layers and by turbulent advection) explain most of the snowmelt and prevent the snow cover from lasting more than a few days during the wet season in this high-altitude tropical environment

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An evaluation of scale-dependent effects of atmosphere-glacier interactions on heat supply to glaciers

Ohata

1992

A. Glaciology.

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Scale-dependent atmosphere-glacier interactions operate over a glacier surface as the surface has different thermal and radiative characteristics from those of the surrounding ground. In order to evaluate heat supply to the glacier surface in the main ablation period, three main interaction processes are considered: advection, glacier wind, and multiple reflection of solar radiation. The amount of heat supply was calculated for the equilibrium line altitude (ELA) by assuming a simple rectangular-shaped glacier, and by applying meteorological and glaciological data for four different glaciated regions (Tien Shan, Patagonia, west Kunlun and Nepal Himalaya). The total heat supply due to the above three processes had the common tendency of being smallest for glaciers of 1 to several kilometres in length, and largest at 16 km, which was the maximum length considered in this study. Among the cases, the Tien Shan showed a daytime heat supply higher by 2.3 MJ m−2for a 16km-long glacier compared with a small glacier 2 km in length. Relating this difference directly to ELA, an ELA approximately 300 m higher might be expected for a long glacier than a short one, assuming the same amount of solid precipitation. Glacier inventory data for China support this tendency, but the calculated value is slightly larger than that observed. The results show that there is a possibility that responses in glacier variation to climate change may be modified considerably through scale-dependent atmosphere-glacier interactions.

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Thermal Modification of Air Moving Over Melting Snow Surfaces

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Effect of covariance between ablation and snow water equivalent on depletion of snow-covered area in a forest

Effect of covariance between ablation and snow water equivalent on depletion of snow-covered area in a forest

Melting of Snow Cover in a Tropical Mountain Environment in Bolivia: Processes and Modeling

An evaluation of scale-dependent effects of atmosphere-glacier interactions on heat supply to glaciers

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