A novel current programmed pixel and driving method for AMOLED displays have been developed. The newly developed pixel, which is called ‘Current‐Copy Pixel’, shows the highest potential to suppress luminance non‐uniformity. This pixel design was implemented into our developed full color AMOLED display, and its high luminance uniformity was confirmed.
1] We developed a real-time numerical simulator for the solar wind --space --magnetosphere -ionosphere coupling system, adopting the three-dimensional (3-D) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation code developed by Tanaka. By using the real-time solar wind data, which is available from the ACE spacecraft every minute, as the upstream boundary conditions for density, temperature, flow speed, and interplanetary magnetic field, our MHD simulation system can numerically reproduce the global response of the magnetosphere and ionosphere at the same time as in the real world. We achieved realtime 3-D simulations of the solar wind --magnetosphere --ionosphere coupling system with a 44 Â 56 Â 60 mesh size by adapting high-performance FORTRAN language with eight CPUs on a supercomputer system located at the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT). Simulated plasma temperature and density in geostationary orbit were also plotted as an index to predict satellite charging. In addition, we present real-time virtual AE indices obtained from simulation results that directly compare with geomagnetic field activities as well as real-time plasma temperature and density in geostationary orbit. Our real-time MHD simulator now runs routinely on NICT's supercomputer system. We will present a detailed configuration of the real-time simulator system in this paper. Some examples are presented from system output to show how solar wind variations result in geomagnetic disturbances.Citation: Den, M., et al. (2006), Real-time Earth magnetosphere simulator with three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic code, Space Weather, 4, S06004,
Observations were made on thermal modification due to cooling when air flows from a grass-covered area onto a melting snow surface. To clarify the relation between such modification of air and snowmelt, the downwind variation of temperature, humidity and wind speed , together with net radiation and spatial variation of snowmelt were observed at a small snow patch measuring 70 m long and 30 m wide. When air temperature was between 10 and 20 ·C, with nearly neutral stratification over the upwind grass~overed area , air temperature at 0.1 m level decreased by 4 to 9·C over the downwind distance of 48 m above the snow pa tch , and so the sensible heat flux decreased in the downwind direction . As a result of such cooling, snowmelt in the central part of the snow patch was found to be about 25% smaller than near its edge. Th is value can be explained by the decrease of the total heat flux toward the snow surface due to the air modification .
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