Thermal, mechanical and rheological properties of polylactide toughened by expoxidized natural rubber

Zhang, Chunmei; Wang, Weiwei; Huang, Yun; Pan, Yonghao; Jiang, Long; Dan, Yi; Luo, Yongyue; Zheng, Peng

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2012.09.024

Cited by 154 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…The T g of PLA/ENR blends is located at the almost same temperature around 57˚C, indicating that there is no evident effect on the T g of PLA by the addition of ENR. This same behavior was observed when Zhang et al [27] studied the thermal properties of PLA/ENR by melt blending. Bitinis et al [33] also stated that there were no changes in the glass transition temperature of PLA with the NR content.…”

Section: Thermal Properties Of Pla/enr Electrospun Blendssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Interestingly, the addition of ENR to PLA increase E' values with the ENR content. This effect is closely related to the interaction between the epoxy groups of ENR and carbonyl groups of PLA, which can produce a percolation network which prevents the PLA chains from free moving, and leads to the increase of storage modulus [27]. Moreover, the enhancement of storage modulus can be related to the increase in the stiffness (tanδ peak increased with the ENR content, see Figure 5) as consequence of increased crystallinity fraction confirmed by DSC data findings.…”

Section: Dynamic Mechanical Analysis-dmamentioning

confidence: 52%

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Development of Biobased Poly(Lactic Acid)/Epoxidized Natural Rubber Blends Processed by Electrospinning: Morphological, Structural and Thermal Properties

Cosme¹,

Silva²,

Nunes³

et al. 2016

MSA

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This article reports the production of electrospun fibers from blends of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) solutions. The produced fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). SEM images showed the reduction in fiber size with ENR content of up to 25% in the mixture PLA/ENR. FTIR analysis revealed a possible interaction between carboxylic group of PLA and epoxi group of ENR. Thermal analysis showed the increase of the crystallinity fraction with ENR content and a decrease in thermal stability of eletrospun mats with the addition of ENR. The dynamic mechanical properties showed an enhancement of the stiffness of PLA/ENR blends with the increase of ENR content, which can support the production of interesting materials for tissue engineering based on renewable and biocompatible polymers. The reported properties indicate the possibility to use such fiber mats as potential materials in tissue engineering.

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Section: Thermal Properties Of Pla/enr Electrospun Blendssupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Dynamic Mechanical Analysis-dmamentioning

confidence: 52%

Development of Biobased Poly(Lactic Acid)/Epoxidized Natural Rubber Blends Processed by Electrospinning: Morphological, Structural and Thermal Properties

Cosme¹,

Silva²,

Nunes³

et al. 2016

MSA

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show abstract

“…), oligomeric and polymeric plasticizers such as commercial adipates (DOA -(bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate), lactic-acid derived polymers, poly(ethylene glycol), poly(propylene glycol), etc. [8,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing and characterization of high environmental efficiency composites based on PLA and hazelnut shell flour (HSF) with biobased plasticizers derived from epoxidized linseed oil (ELO)

Balart

Fombuena

Fenollar

et al. 2016

Composites Part B: Engineering

133

109

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interactions so that indicating that ELO also provides a coupling effect between PLA matrix and HSF filler. ELO addition leads to a decrease in storage modulus (G') obtained by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) in torsion mode thus giving clear evidence of the plasticization effect of ELO. Overall, the use of ELO in PLA/HSF composites is an attracting way to improve the low intrinsic fragility of these green Injection moulding.1.-Introduction.In the last years, a remarkable increase in the development of high environmentally friendly materials has been detected in the field of polymers and polymer composites. The high concern of society about environment protection has promoted the development of new "eco", "bio" or "green" materials. which results from the high intrinsic account the relatively low hydrophilic nature of PLA and the extremely high hydrophilic nature of the lignocellulosic filler, poor matrixparticle interactions are achieved thus leading to stress concentration phenomena that also contributes to fragility. For this reasons, research on how to reduce fragility of PLA-based composites is being investigated. One approach is focused on the use of compatible plasticizers for PLA and another approach considers the use of compatibilizer agents to act as a bridge between the hydrophobic PLA matrix and the highly hydrophilic surrounding particles.In general terms, the use of plasticizers lead to a decrease in the PLA glass transition temperature (Tg PLA); they also favor cold crystallization and the resulting material is more flexible. On the other hand, the use of coupling agents or compatibilizers provides intense PLA matrix-lignocellulosic filler interactions that contribute to decrease fragility.Chemical coupling agents such as N,N-(1,3-phenylene dimaleimide) and 1,1- The main aim of this study is to reduce the high intrinsic fragility of poly(lactic acid), PLA -hazelnut shell flour (HSF) by using a biobased plasticizer from epoxidized linseed oil (ELO). Mechanical, thermal and thermomechanical properties of PLA -HSF green composites are evaluated in terms of the epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) load in the 0 -22.5 wt.% range.2.-Experimental. 2.1.-Materials.Poly(lactic acid), PLA commercial grade Ingeo 6201D was supplied by NatureWorks LLC (Minnesota, USA). This grade is characterized by a melt flow index in the 15 -30 g/10 min range and a density of 1.24 g cm -3 .Hazelnut shell waste (Corylus avellana) was obtained from the food industry and subjected to a grinding process to an average particle size of 63 m to give a homogeneous flour (hazelnut shell flour, HSF). Hazelnut shell was grinded in an ultra centrifugal mill from Retsch GmbH (Hann, Germany) at a rotating speed of 10000 rpm.Epoxidized linseed oil (ELO), CAS number 8016-11-3 was used as plasticizer in at 20 ºC and a viscosity of 8-11 p at 25 ºC. It shows high thermal stability with a flammability temperature of 287 ºC and it is not water-soluble. The average fatty acid profile is: 3-5% stearic acid, 5-7% palmitic acid, 14-20% linoleic ...

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“…Base on biodegradability of this type of materials, in this subchapter, we were focused mainly on aliphatic polyester/natural rubber blends. Zhang et al [135] used epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) with different epoxidation level (ENR20 -20 mol% and ENR50 -50 mol%) as toughening agents for poly(lactic acid). Comparing to pure PLA, the impact strength of the 20 wt% PLA/ENR20 and PLA/ENR50 blends increased to 6-fold and 3-fold, respectively.…”

Section: Aliphatic Polyester/natural Rubber Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive extrusion of bio-based polymer blends and composites – Current trends and future developments

Formela¹,

Zedler²,

Hejna³

et al. 2018

Express Polym. Lett.

108

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Abstract.Reactive extrusion is a cost-effective and environmentally-friendly method to produce new materials with enhanced performance properties. At present, reactive extrusion allows in-situ polymerization, modification/functionalization of polymers or chemical bonding of two (or more) immiscible phases, which can be carried out on commonly used extrusion lines. Although reactive extrusion has been known for many years, its application for processing of bio-based polymer blends and composites is a relatively new direction of scientific research. This work presents a literature review on recent advances in the processing of bio-based polymer blends and composites via reactive extrusion. We described compatibilization mechanisms for different types of biodegradable polymeric materials based on: (i) aliphatic polyesters, (ii) aliphatic polyesters/starch and (iii) aliphatic polyester/natural rubber systems. A special attention was focused on conventional and dynamic cross-linking of bio-based polymer blends and composites as an effective way to prepare new materials with unique properties e.g. biodegradable thermoplastic elastomers or shape-memory materials. Advantages and limitations affecting future trends in development of biodegradable polymer blends and composites reactive extrusion are also discussed.

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Thermal, mechanical and rheological properties of polylactide toughened by expoxidized natural rubber

Cited by 154 publications

References 27 publications

Development of Biobased Poly(Lactic Acid)/Epoxidized Natural Rubber Blends Processed by Electrospinning: Morphological, Structural and Thermal Properties

Development of Biobased Poly(Lactic Acid)/Epoxidized Natural Rubber Blends Processed by Electrospinning: Morphological, Structural and Thermal Properties

Processing and characterization of high environmental efficiency composites based on PLA and hazelnut shell flour (HSF) with biobased plasticizers derived from epoxidized linseed oil (ELO)

Reactive extrusion of bio-based polymer blends and composites – Current trends and future developments

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