Thermal, Mechanical, and Optical Properties of Maleimide Copolymers Containing Twisted N‐Phenyl Substituents in the Side Chain

Abstract

UV absorption spectroscopic measurements and DFT calculations revealed that N-(alkyl-substituted phenyl)maleimides with substituents at the ortho position favored a twisted N-phenyl conformation, due to the steric hindrance between the maleimide ring and the substituted N-phenyl moiety. Highmolecular-weight copolymers were synthesized by radical copolymerization of the N-(alkyl-substituted phenyl)maleimides with n-butyl vinyl ether and n-butyl acrylate. The thermal properties of the copolymers were determined by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The mechanical tensile tests under temperature control revealed the mechanical features of the copolymers depending on their repeating structure and composition. The significant temperature dependence of the modulus and strain of the copolymers was also clarified. Then, the transparency, refractive indices, and birefringence properties of the copolymer films were evaluated. It was confirmed that the maleimide copolymers had negative orientational birefringence with small absolute values and positive photoelastic birefringence. The effect of the conformational structure of the N-phenyl groups on the thermal, mechanical, and optical properties of the copolymers was discussed.[a] S. Nagase, Prof. A. Matsumoto

High Refractive Index Copolymers from Aromatic Heterocycle‐Based Vinyl Sulfides and Phthalimide/Maleimide Derivatives

“…employed various N ‐substituted maleimides having chemically stable imide ring structures for producing transparent copolymers with rigid poly(substituted methylene) structures; these copolymers exhibited intermediate refractive indices (1.5–1.6) with relatively high abbe numbers (35–56), excellent heat resistance ( T d5 > 300 °C), and other properties. [ 38–41 ] We also demonstrated the synthesis of high‐refractive‐index copolymers composed of 2‐vinylselenophene and N ‐substituted maleimides with moderate alternating tendencies (e.g., refractive index = 1.6138, abbe number = 29.437, and T d5 = 322 °C for poly(2‐vinylselenophene‐ co ‐NPMI)). [ 21 ] Hence, the incorporation of the maleimide unit is a practical approach to improve thermal properties, maintaining a relatively high refractive index and high abbe number.…”