Photocurable selenophene/maleimide-based high-refractive-index copolymers obtained via radical copolymerization

High Refractive Index Copolymers from Aromatic Heterocycle‐Based Vinyl Sulfides and Phthalimide/Maleimide Derivatives

“…For instance, new classes of sulfur-containing products have been produced using inverse-vulcanization with elemental sulfur, [5,6] ring-opening polymerization with carbonyl sulfide, [7] and thiol-ene [8][9][10][11][12][13] and thiol-yne [14,15] reactions. Various synthetic methodologies that produce high refractive index polymers and hybrids also rely on the incorporation of phosphorus units, [16] highly polarizable atoms (Si, Ge, Sn), [17] zinc, [18] zirconium, [19] and selenium units, [9,[20][21][22] and employments of charge-transfer complexation [23] and hydrogen bonds. [24] In addition, heteroaromatic rings are attractive building blocks for high-refractiveindex polymers because ─C═N─C─ bonds exhibit higher molar refraction (4.10) than ─C═C─C─ bonds (1.73).…”

“…[38][39][40][41] We also demonstrated the synthesis of highrefractive-index copolymers composed of 2-vinylselenophene and N-substituted maleimides with moderate alternating tendencies (e.g., refractive index = 1.6138, abbe number = 29.437, and T d5 = 322 °C for poly(2-vinylselenophene-co-NPMI)). [21] Hence, the incorporation of the maleimide unit is a practical approach to improve thermal properties, maintaining a relatively high refractive index and high abbe number. Understanding the structure-property relationships and the molecular aspects (the number of sulfur atoms and ─C═N─ bonds) of these vinyl sulfide monomers and imide-containing comonomers is crucial for producing high-refractive index polymers; thus, we systematically evaluated the optical and thermal properties and the copolymer structures of two series of NVPI and NPMI-based copolymers.…”

Synthesis and Properties of High‐Refractive‐Index Iodine‐Containing Polyacrylates

“…The value of R is related to the composition ratios of aromatic structures, [16][17][18] sulfur, [19][20][21][22][23][24] selenium, [25][26][27][28][29] tellurium, [30,31] chlorine, [32][33][34][35] bromine, [36][37][38] and iodine [39,40] in the polymers, i. e., polymers containing large amounts of these substituents can show high values of n D .…”

High Refractive Index Diphenyl Sulfide Photopolymers for Solar Cell Antireflection Coatings

“…According to the Lorentz-Lorenz equation [15][16][17], the introduction of substituents with high molar refraction and low molar volume can effectively increase the refractive index of photopolymer [18]. Benzene ring, sulfur atoms, phosphorus, beryllium, selenium [19,20], and halogen atoms (except fluorine atoms) with higher molar refractivity can increase the refractive index of the polymer. Ueda and colleagues have systemically synthesized and characterized a series of sulfur-containing HRIPs, and found that steric hindrance and molecular packing also affect the refractive index of polymers [21].…”