Thermal history of Lower Palaeozoic rocks from the East European Platform margin of Poland based on K-Ar age dating and illite-smectite palaeothermometry

Kowalska, S.; Wojtowicz, A.J.; Hałas, Stanisław; Wemmer, Klaus; Mikołajewski, Zbigniew; Buniak, Arkadiusz

doi:10.14241/asgp.2019.21

Cited by 9 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…All ages measured are much younger than the Ediacaran and fall in the range of 455–188 Ma, with both the extreme values recorded in two neighbouring Slonim wells. A narrow range of Variscan ages, 296–317 Ma, very close to the 290–301 Ma range reported from SE Poland (Kowalska et al., 2019), was measured for the palaeosols and tuffs in Volyn (Figure 9). In Podolia, bentonites gave an age of 356 Ma and younger.…”

Section: Data Interpretationsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…The general distribution of illite diagenetic ages of >400 Ma in the north and east, and <360 Ma in the south of the study area, with mixed data in the western and central part, seems to follow the order and timing of the successive Caledonian and Variscan orogenic events at the SW periphery of the EEC (Mazur et al., 2018, 2020). The lack of ages older than 390 Ma in the basins onlapping the SW slope of the EEC along the TTZ (Figure 1; Kowalska et al., 2019; Środoń, Clauer, et al, 2009) indicates that the oldest brine migration must have come from the Scandinavian Caledonides front in the NW.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exception makes the area of SE Poland, where the EEC was overridden by a Variscan orogenic wedge (Mazur et al., 2020). This section of the craton margin is characterized by the latest Carboniferous K–Ar ages (Kowalska et al., 2019), corresponding to the time of Variscan shortening. Beyond the craton margins and rift zones, the upper Palaeozoic sediments are widespread but of limited thickness (e.g.…”

Section: Geological Settings Of the East European Cratonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long‐distance fluid migration defines the diagenetic history of unique Ediacaran sediments in the East European Craton

et al. 2020

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The diagenetic history of the Ediacaran sedimentary rocks in the East European Craton (EEC) over the area extending from Arkhangelsk (Russia) in the north to Podolia (Ukraine) in the south was revealed by means of the XRD characterization and K–Ar dating of clay fractions, mudstone porosity measurements and organic geochemistry investigations. Mudstone porosity measurements produced direct evidence of shallow maximum burial of the Ediacaran sediments on the craton (Russia, Lithuania, Belarus, Volyn), not exceeding 1.5 km, and much deeper burial at the cratonic margin, in Podolia and Poland. In general, illitization of smectite and biomarker indices indicates more advanced diagenesis at the cratonic margin. K–Ar dating of authigenic illite–smectite and aluminoceladonite revealed the Palaeozoic age of mineral diagenesis (ca. 450–300 Ma) both on the craton and its margin, with older ages generally observed in the north. When the maximum palaeotemperatures were evaluated from illite–smectite and biomarkers, based on the calibrations from the conventional burial diagenetic sections, a major mismatch was detected for the cratonic area: 100°C–130°C from illite––smectite and tens of oC lower from the lipid biomarkers. This diagenetic pattern was interpreted as the result of short‐lasting (in ky scale) pulses of potassium‐bearing hot fluids migrating from the Caledonian and Variscan orogens deep in the craton interior, effectively promoting illitization in porous rocks without altering the organic matter. Analogous short pulses of fluids were responsible for numerous diagenetic phenomena, including Mississippi Valley‐Type ore deposits, in the American Midwest, in front of the Appalachians. K–Ar dating indicates that the entire Proterozoic sedimentary cover of the Great Unconformity on the EEC remained untouched by measureable post‐sedimentary changes until the early Palaeozoic, thus for over 1000 My, which is an unprecedented finding.

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Section: Data Interpretationsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Settings Of the East European Cratonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long‐distance fluid migration defines the diagenetic history of unique Ediacaran sediments in the East European Craton

et al. 2020

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“…Kelley, 2002). Despite application of these strict procedures, recent selective testing of K–Ar ages determined on the clay-sized fractions revealed significant variations of ± 10 Ma when measured in various laboratories (Kowalska et al , 2017). Such results indicate that more routine measurements of standard mudrock material would be beneficial for controlling the consistency of K–Ar ages produced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

K–Ar age determinations on the fine fractions of clay mineral ‘Crystallinity Index Standards’ from the Palaeozoic mudrocks of southwest England

et al. 2019

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Clay mineral ‘Crystallinity Index Standards’ (CIS) composed of Palaeozoic mudrocks from southwest England were investigated systematically in five sub-fractions per sample for the first time. X-ray diffraction was used to determine mineral assemblages, calibrated 001 illite full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) values and illite polytype compositions, in addition to K–Ar isotopic analyses of all fine fractions. The FWHM results of the <2 µm fraction are consistent with previous studies and reflect the range of diagenetic to epizonal grades covered by the sample set SW1 to SW7 (~0.61–0.26°2θ). Diagenetic and lower anchizone samples also show significant broadening of 001 illite reflections in the finer fractions and contain mixtures of authigenic 1M + 1Md illite and detrital 2M1 white mica polytypes suitable for illite age analysis. The estimated end-member ages of the Bude (SW1-1992) and younger Crackington (SW3-2000) mudstones yield detrital ages of Late Cambrian to Middle Ordovician (493–457 Ma) and a broad range of 1M + 1Md illite ages between Middle Permian and Early Jurassic (271–190 Ma). The detrital age of the stratigraphically older Crackington Formation mudrock (SW2-1992) is Late Devonian (384–364 Ma) with 1M + 1Md illite ages between Late Triassic and Early Jurassic (219–176 Ma). The origin of Mesozoic 1M + 1Md illite ages may represent neocrystallized illite associated with Mesozoic hydrothermal events or similar events that thermally reset older authigenic illite with partial loss of radiogenic argon and no renewed crystal growth. In contrast, upper anchizonal and epizonal Devonian slates (SW3-2012, SW4-1992, SW6-1992 and SW7-2012) contain only the 2M1 polytype, with K–Ar ages younger than the stratigraphic age. The three finest fractions of SW4-1992 yield consistent Late Carboniferous ages (331–304 ± 7 Ma) that are considered to date the neocrystallized 2M1 mica. Most fractions of epizonal slate (SW6-1992, SW7-2012) yield Early Permian ages (293.6–273 Ma) corresponding to published cooling ages of the Tintagel High-Strain Zone and the intrusion of the Bodmin granite (291.4 ± 0.8 Ma). These first K–Ar age constraints for the fine fractions of the CIS should provide useful reference values for testing analytical procedures of illite age analysis.

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“…In the Baltic Basin, the analogous zonation was documented by the illite-smectite ratio in shales (Środoń et al, 2009). In the Ukrainian part of the EEP (Podole area), Silurian 110 bentonite samples were examined by clay mineralogy, illite K-Ar and AFT dating (Środoń et al, 2013 (Kowalska et al, 2019).…”

Section: Previous Thermal History Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2021

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The Phanerozoic tectono-thermal evolution of the SW slope of the East European Platform (EEP) in Poland is reconstructed by means of thermal maturity, low temperature thermochronometry and thermal modelling. We provide a set of new thermochronometric data and integrate stratigraphic and thermal maturity information to constrain the burial and thermal history of sediments. Apatite fission track analysis (AFT) and zircon (U-Th)/He (ZHe) thermochronology have been carried out on samples of sandstones, bentonites, diabase and crystalline basement rocks collected from 17 boreholes located in central and NE Poland. They penetrated sedimentary cover of the EEP subdivided from the north to south into the Baltic, Podlasie and Lublin Basins. The average ZHe ages from Proterozoic basement rocks as well as Ordovician to Silurian bentonites and Cambrian to lower Carboniferous sandstones range from 848 ± 81 Ma to 255 ± 22 Ma with a single early Permian age of 288 Ma, corresponding to cooling after a thermal event. The remaining ZHe ages represent partial reset or source ages. The AFT ages of samples are dispersed in the range of 235.8 ± 17.3 (Middle Triassic) to 42.1 ± 11.1 (Paleogene) providing a record of Mesozoic and Cenozoic cooling. The highest frequency of the AFT ages is in the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous prior to Alpine basin inversion. Thermal maturity results are consistent with the SW-ward increase of the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic sediments thickness. An important break in a thermal maturity profile exists across the base Permian-Mesozoic unconformity. Thermal modelling showed that significant heating of Ediacaran to Carboniferous sedimentary successions occurred before the Permian with maximum paleotemperatures in the earliest and latest Carboniferous for Baltic-Podlasie and Lublin Basins, respectively. The results obtained suggest an important role of early Carboniferous uplift and exhumation at the SW margin of the EEP. The SW slope of the latter was afterward overridden in the Lublin Basin by the Variscan orogenic wedge. Its tectonic loading interrupted Carboniferous uplift and caused resumption of sedimentation in the late Viséan. Consequently, a thermal history of the Lublin Basin is different from that in the Podlasie and Baltic Basins, but similar to other sections of the Variscan foreland, characterised by maximum burial at the end of Carboniferous. The Mesozoic thermal history was characterised by gradual cooling from peak temperatures at the transition from Triassic to Jurassic due to decreasing heat flow. Burial caused maximum paleotemperatures in the SW part of the study area, where the EEP was covered by an extensive sedimentary pile. However, 1

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Thermal history of Lower Palaeozoic rocks from the East European Platform margin of Poland based on K-Ar age dating and illite-smectite palaeothermometry

Cited by 9 publications

References 40 publications

Long‐distance fluid migration defines the diagenetic history of unique Ediacaran sediments in the East European Craton

Long‐distance fluid migration defines the diagenetic history of unique Ediacaran sediments in the East European Craton

K–Ar age determinations on the fine fractions of clay mineral ‘Crystallinity Index Standards’ from the Palaeozoic mudrocks of southwest England

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