Thermal Expansion Measurements in Fresh and Saline Ice Using Fiber Optic Strain Gauges and Multipoint Temperature Sensors Based on Bragg Gratings

Marchenko, Aleksey; Lishman, Ben; Wrangborg, David; Thiel, Torsten

doi:10.1155/2016/5678193

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Negative thermal expansion of saline ice with salinities of 6 and 9.4 ppt was reproduced in laboratory experiments when the ice temperature was higher than −5°C [ 13 , 20 ]. The values of ECTE were found to be about −10 −4 K −1 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermo-mechanical loads of confined sea ice on structures

Marchenko¹

2018

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Records of the ice pressures on the joggle skirt of the coal quay in Spitsbergen were performed over winter seasons in 2013 and 2015. The ice thickness below the quay was above 2 m. Ice temperature over the ice thickness and water pressure at the sea bed were measured synchronously. It was discovered that sea water migrates through the ice confined inside the joggle skirt under the influence of tidal changes of the water pressure below the ice. It leads to the formation of floods on the ice surface during high tide. The ice surface becomes dry during low tide. Ice temperature and ice pressure on the joggle skirt are changed according to the semidiurnal cycle. Spectral analysis and correlation analysis are performed to analyse the loads caused by thermal expansion of the ice. A thermo-mechanical model of ice based on elastic-plastic rheology with thermal effect is used in numerical simulations of the observed phenomena. Numerical simulations are performed with finite element software.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Modelling of sea-ice phenomena’.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Upward migration of the brine through the ice was caused by water overpressure in the tank when growing ice was frozen to the tank walls. Artificial pumping of the water pressure below the ice caused visible migration of brine through the ice and the increase of its surface temperature by 0.7°C [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-mechanical loads of confined sea ice on structures

Marchenko¹

2018

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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“…FBG temperature strings with 12 distributed thermistors distributed inside a metal tube and an FBG strain sensors were used in the tests (Advanced Optics Solutions GmbH, Dresden, Germany) [72]. Neighboring thermistors of FBG temperature strings are spaced 1 cm apart.…”

Section: Fiber Bragg Grating Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Investigations of the Bending Rheology of Floating Saline Ice and Physical Mechanisms of Wave Damping in the HSVA Hamburg Ship Model Basin Ice Tank

Marchenko¹,

Haase

Jensen

et al. 2021

Water

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An experimental investigation of flexural-gravity waves was performed in the Hamburg Ship Model Basin HSVA ice tank. Physical characteristics of the water-ice system were measured in several locations of the tank with a few sensors deployed in the water and on the ice during the tests. The three-dimensional motion of ice was measured with the optical system Qualisys; water pressure was measured by several pressure sensors mounted on the tank wall, in-plane deformations of the ice and the temperatures of the ice and water were measured by fiber optic sensors; and acoustic emissions were recorded with compressional crystal sensors. The experimental setup and selected results of the tests are discussed in this paper. Viscous-elastic model (Burgers material) is adopted to describe the dispersion and attenuation of waves propagating below the ice. The elastic modulus and the coefficient of viscosity are calculated using the experimental data. The results of the measurements demonstrated the dependence of wave characteristics from the variability of ice properties during the experiment caused by the brine drainage. We showed that the cyclic motion of the ice along the tank, imitating ice drift, and the generation of under ice turbulence cause an increase of wave damping. Recorded acoustic emissions demonstrated cyclic microcracking occurring with wave frequencies and accompanying bending deformations of the ice. This explains the viscous and anelastic rheology of the model ice.

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“…However, it can be influenced by many factors, such as the spectral line width, the disturbance of the laser array, and the dispersion characteristics of the grating [9][10][11][12]. As the powers of the laser array are increased, the grating thermal deformation, which induces degeneration of the combined beam quality, becomes more significant [13][14][15]. Zhou et al reported the modulation of combined beam characteristics by volume Bragg gratings with thermal deformation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic of Grating Thermal Deformation on Beam Quality for Spectral Beam Combining

Deng

Zhan

et al. 2022

Front. Phys.

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For spectral beam combining, an experimental system of dynamic beam quality caused by the thermal deformation of a grating has been designed and established. According to the theoretical model established, the distribution of the temperature field, as well as the thermal deformation of the grating, has been analyzed. Further, the combined beam quality and the intensity distribution have been numerically calculated in detail. The results show that the maximum temperature and the grating thermal deformation increase with the extension of irradiation time, resulting in side lobes appearing in the intensity distribution. In the experiment, the measured combined beam quality factor Mx2 was 1.29 without the thermal deformation. When the grating was heated by pump lasers at different times, Mx2 can arrive at 1.34, 1.37, and 1.41, respectively. The results reveal that the combined beam quality increases with the increase in irradiation time and changes rapidly at the beginning of heating, consistent with the theoretical analysis. The discussion and analysis of the dynamic beam quality are potentially valuable for reducing the influence of thermal deformation on the beam quality.

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Thermal Expansion Measurements in Fresh and Saline Ice Using Fiber Optic Strain Gauges and Multipoint Temperature Sensors Based on Bragg Gratings

Cited by 19 publications

References 10 publications

Thermo-mechanical loads of confined sea ice on structures

Thermo-mechanical loads of confined sea ice on structures

Laboratory Investigations of the Bending Rheology of Floating Saline Ice and Physical Mechanisms of Wave Damping in the HSVA Hamburg Ship Model Basin Ice Tank

Dynamic of Grating Thermal Deformation on Beam Quality for Spectral Beam Combining

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