Thermal Energy Balance Analysis of the Tokyo Metropolitan Area Using a Mesoscale Meteorological Model Incorporating an Urban Canopy Model

Ooka, Ryozo; Sato, Taiki; Harayama, Kazuya; Murakami, Shuzo; Kawamoto, Yoichi

doi:10.1007/s10546-010-9550-8

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…The first group looked at the effect of urban climate and heat island effects on buildings [117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126] and the second looked at a larger district scale [127][128][129][130][131][132][133], including street cross-sections [134][135][136][137][138][139] or raster grid of several hundred meters [140,141].…”

Section: Urban Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of urban energy system models: Approaches, challenges and opportunities

Keirstead

Jennings

Sivakumar

2012

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

523

238

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Energy use in cities has attracted significant research in recent years. However such a broad topic inevitably results in number of alternative interpretations of the problem domain and the modelling tools used in its study. This paper seeks to pull together these strands by proposing a theoretical definition of an urban energy system model and then evaluating the state of current practice. Drawing on a review of 219 papers, five key areas of practice were identified -technology design, building design, urban climate, systems design, and policy assessment -each with distinct and incomplete interpretations of the problem domain. We also highlight a sixth field, land use and transportation modelling, which has direct relevance to the use of energy in cities but has been somewhat overlooked by the literature to date.Despite their diversity, these approaches to urban energy system modelling share four common challenges in understanding model complexity, data quality and uncertainty, model integration, and policy relevance. We then examine the opportunities for improving current practice in urban energy systems * Corresponding author Email addresses: j.keirstead@imperial.ac.uk (James Keirstead), m.jennings09@imperial.ac.uk (Mark Jennings), a.sivakumar@imperial.ac.uk (Aruna Sivakumar) Preprint submitted to Renewable and Sustainable Energy ReviewsOctober 5, 2011modelling, focusing on the potential of sensitivity analysis and cloud computing, data collection and integration techniques, and the use of activity-based modelling as an integrating framework. The results indicate that there is significant potential for urban energy systems modelling to move beyond single disciplinary approaches towards a sophisticated integrated perspective that more fully captures the theoretical intricacy of urban energy systems.

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Section: Urban Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of urban energy system models: Approaches, challenges and opportunities

Keirstead

Jennings

Sivakumar

2012

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

523

238

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The building surface temperature is strongly related to the urban surface condition, which is determined by the energy balance between: 1) the sensible and latent heat fluxes transferred to the air, 2) the received net radiation (short-wave and long-wave), 3) the heat storage into the building materials and the ground, and 4) anthropogenic heat sources [91][92][93], as shown in Fig. 10(a).…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concept of heat balance in urban environment: (a) Heat balance of urban surface layer (Mainly from: Ooka et al[93]); (b) Heat balance in thermal environment around buildings (Revised from: Li et al[97]). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The airborne transmission of infection between flats in high-rise residential buildings: A review

Mao

Gao

2015

Building and Environment

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The inter-flat airborne cross-transmission driven by single-sided natural ventilation has been identified recently in high-rise residential buildings, where most people live now in densely populated areas, and is one of the most complex and least understood transport routes. Given potential risks of infection during the outbreak of severe infectious diseases, the need for a full understanding of its mechanism and protective measures within the field of epidemiology and engineering becomes pressing. This review paper considers progress achieved in existing studies of the concerned issue regarding different research priorities. Considerable progress in observing and modeling the inter-flat transmission and dispersion under either buoyancy-or wind-dominated conditions has been made, while fully understanding the combined buoyancy and wind effects is not yet possible. Many methods, including on-site measurements, wind tunnel tests and numerical simulations, have contributed to the research development, despite some deficiencies of each method. Although the inter-flat transmission and dispersion characteristics can be demonstrated and quantified in a time-averaged sense to some extent, there are still unanswered questions at a fundamental level about transient dispersion process and thermal boundary conditions, calling for further studies with more advanced models for simulations and more sound experiments for validations. Nomenclature v 1 , v 2 , v 3 , v 4 approaching wind speed (m/s) V flat volume (m 3 ) C tracer gas concentration (ppm) C * number of infection cases Greek symbol H c recirculation cavity height (m) ε turbulence viscous dissipation rate (m 2 /s 3 ) I number of infectors θ incident wind angle (°) k turbulent kinetic energy (m 2 /s 2 ) ν kinematic viscosity (m 2 /s) L length of the building (m) L r distance of the recirculation zone (m) Abbreviation M i-j mass fraction ACH hourly air exchange rate (h -1 ) P probability of infection CFD computational fluid dynamics p pulmonary ventilation rate of a person (m 3 /h) HRR high-rise residential Q room ventilation rate (m 3 /h) IAQ indoor air quality Q e a portion of the infected airflow which escapes from the upper part window of the lower room LES large-eddy simulation MERS middle east respiratory syndrome q quanta generation rate RANS Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes R scaling length that characterizes the building's influence on wind flow (m) RNG renormalization group SARS severe acute respiratory syndrome R k re-entry ratio (%) S number of susceptibles Subscript t exposure time interval (h) i source flat U H mean speed of wind approaching the building at H (m/s) j target flat

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“…The synoptic wind speed and direction have an essential impact on the strength of wind effect [35,36]. For the buoyancy effect, one inducement is the difference between indoor and outdoor temperature, the other one can be the thermal plume along the high-temperature walls heated by the solar radiation during the daytime, especially in windless or breezy sunny day [37]. Fan et al [38] measured boundary layer structure along the sunward surface of a sixteen-storey building in Guangzhou, and concluded that the maximum velocity in the boundary layer at a height of 50 m is about 1.0-1.5 m/s with absent wind and a wall/air temperature difference of 14-20 K. Such strong thermal flow should not be neglected since the most common wind speed in the urban environment is in the range of 1.0-2.0 m/s [39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD investigation on the effects of wind and thermal wall-flow on pollutant transmission in a high-rise building

Gao

Zhu

2018

Building and Environment

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The solar radiation can heat the building outer surface, and then cause the upward natural convection flows adjacent to the wall. This phenomenon is especially obvious on a windless sunny day. The near wall thermal plume can drive gaseous pollutants released from lower floors to upper floors. Combined with the effect of ambient approaching wind, the transmission routes will be very complicated. The paper aims to investigate the airflow patterns and pollutant transmission within a building under the effects of wind and thermal forces. A hypothetical twenty-storey slab-shape high-rise building in Shanghai with single-sided natural ventilation is set as the research object in the present study. The intensity of solar radiation on a typical day during transition season is theoretically analysed. The temperature difference between the heated building envelope and the ambient air is calculated by a simplified heat balance model. Finally, the tracer gas method is employed in the numerical simulation to analyse the influence of the wind and wall thermal plume flow on the inter-flat pollutant transmission characteristics. The results show that, the temperature difference between sunward and shady side wall is about 10 K at noon on the designate day. When the source is set as a point with steady intensity and the buoyancy is stronger than or approximately equivalent to the wind, the reentry ratio of the flat immediately above the source can be around 25%.

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Thermal Energy Balance Analysis of the Tokyo Metropolitan Area Using a Mesoscale Meteorological Model Incorporating an Urban Canopy Model

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

A review of urban energy system models: Approaches, challenges and opportunities

A review of urban energy system models: Approaches, challenges and opportunities

The airborne transmission of infection between flats in high-rise residential buildings: A review

CFD investigation on the effects of wind and thermal wall-flow on pollutant transmission in a high-rise building

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