Thermal Effect of Er³⁺Ions Embedded in Smart Nano-Composite Oxide Material Prepared by Sol-Gel Technique

Abstract

The phosphosilicate for planar waveguides fabrication by using sol-gel, and particularly erbium-doped waveguide amplifiers, is reviewed. In particular, efforts to use sol-gel to improve molecular homogeneity in Er-doped phosphosilicate-based monolith and thin films will be discussed. A variety of material studies was carried out to investigate and optimize the sample preparation condition for such application. These include X-ray diffraction, the Fourier transform infrared and optical transmittance, absorption and refractive index calculation. The erbium nitrate precursors use is shown to alter the Er 3+ ions doping in the prepared samples thermally treated in the final monolith glass form, in comparison to the use of thin film phosphosilicate sol-gel sample. Excess heat treatment is used to force prepared samples crystallization, moreover resulting photoluminescence analysis is used to detect the co-operative-up-conversion sample properties before and after heating.

Multifunctional praseodymium-doped composite silica glasses for UV shielding and photonic applications

“…The band at 1330 cm −1 confirms the asymmetric stretching of P=O vibrations in Q 3 units [24]. The medium bands at 790 cm −1 are due to the symmetric stretching vibrations of Si-O-Si and symmetric stretching of P-O-P bonds in the pyrophosphate and metaphosphate tetrahedra [22,25]. The band also corresponds to the vibrations of Si-O-P [26].…”

“…The influence of residual water in the glass could be considered to be minimal with high doping levels. The shoulder around 2900 cm −1 is due to the stretching modes of P-OH and P-O bonds with the ethyl groups, which were added as solvent [22].…”

Structural and optical investigations of RE3+: Yb, Er, Sm, Nd, Ce-doped multi-functional silica glasses for photonic applications

“…The strong band observed around 1100 cm −1 is due to the asymmetric stretching of P-O bonds [31] in the metaphosphate units, symmetric stretching of PO 3 2− in the pyrophosphate units [32], and vibrations of Si-O-P [33]. The area of the peaks increases relative to Yb 3+ , Er 3+ , Ce 3+ , Sm 3+ , and Nd 3+ which could be attributed to the coordination of P 5+ ions in the phosphorous tetrahedral [31], modified by the doped lanthanides.…”

Silica gel doped with cobalt oxide prepared by sol-gel technique; improving dielectric charge storage

“…A porous matrix provides, enough nucleation sites for nanoparticle formation and an effective way to avoid their aggregation [7] . Silica gels are the most suitable net -work for this application due to their chemical inertness, large accessible surface area, high porosity, transparency, low thermal expansion coefficient, exceptional mechanical, electrical, optical and magnetic properties [8,9,16,19] . Cobalt oxide nanoparticles embedded in a silica matrix by adopting different preparation methods such as sol-gel [17] , hydrothermal, grafting, chemical vapor deposition and direct solution impregnation methods [2] .…”